Fuel Cell Voltage Regulation Using Dynamic Integral Sliding Mode Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Description
3. Mathematical Model
3.1. PEMFC Stack Voltage
3.2. Power Converter
3.3. Hybrid Model
3.4. Lyapunov Based Existence Condition
4. Hardware Setup
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Steady-State Error and Transient Response
5.2. Robustness to Load Variations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref # | Control Technique | Relative Cost | Convergence Speed | Parametric Independence | Complexity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[63] | Dynamic Integral SMC1 | Moderate | Fast | Independent | Low |
[38,39] | Parabolic Modulated SMC | Low | Fast | Dependent | Moderate |
[42] | Equivalent Control via Filter Extraction | Low | Real-time | Independent | Low |
[62] | Double Integral SMC | Moderate | Fast | Independent | High |
[45,51,52,53,54,56,57] | Fixed-Frequency via PWM2 | Low | Real-time | Dependent | Moderate |
[43,61] | Fixed-Frequency Integral SMC | Low | Real-time | Dependent | Moderate |
[60] | Fixed-Frequency Boundary Control | Low | Real-time | Independent | High |
[58] | Fixed-Frequency Mixed-signal Hysteresis Control | High | Moderate | Independent | High |
[44,59] | Discrete-Time SMC | High | Moderate | Independent | High |
[55] | 2nd Order SMC | High | Moderate | Independent | Moderate |
[49,50] | Zero Average Dynamics | High | Fast | Independent | High |
[46] | Adaptive Backstep** SMC | High | Moderate | Independent | High |
[34,35,47,48] | Hysteresis Band SMC * | Moderate | Real-time | Independent | Low |
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
Type | Portable |
Operating Temperature | 65 °C |
Volume | 15 × 10.9 × 9.4 cm3 |
Weight | 90 g |
Oxident Supply | Open Cathode |
Specification | Representation | Value |
---|---|---|
Input Voltage | Vcell_stack | 11–19 V |
Output voltage | Vout | 32 V |
Capacitance | C | 2200 µF |
Coil inductance | L | 110 µH |
Switching Frequency | F | 32 kHz |
Load Resistor | Rinit | 82 Ω |
Variation in Load | ΔR | 0–47 Ω |
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Yasin, A.; Yasin, A.R.; Saqib, M.B.; Zia, S.; Riaz, M.; Nazir, R.; Abdalla, R.A.E.; Bajwa, S. Fuel Cell Voltage Regulation Using Dynamic Integral Sliding Mode Control. Electronics 2022, 11, 2922. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182922
Yasin A, Yasin AR, Saqib MB, Zia S, Riaz M, Nazir R, Abdalla RAE, Bajwa S. Fuel Cell Voltage Regulation Using Dynamic Integral Sliding Mode Control. Electronics. 2022; 11(18):2922. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182922
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasin, Amina, Abdul Rehman Yasin, Muhammad Bilal Saqib, Saba Zia, Mudassar Riaz, Robina Nazir, Ridab Adlan Elamin Abdalla, and Shaherbano Bajwa. 2022. "Fuel Cell Voltage Regulation Using Dynamic Integral Sliding Mode Control" Electronics 11, no. 18: 2922. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182922