An Integrated Off-Line Echo Signal Acquisition System Implemented in SoC-FPGA for High Repetition Rate Lidar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- Laser pulse capture circuit: This circuit consists of a PIN detector, a trans-impedance amplifier circuit (current-to-voltage conversion), and a high-speed comparison circuit. The PIN detector is a DET10A2 [27] (Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA), which has a response rate of 0.26 A/W at 532 nm and a bandwidth of 350 MHz. The trans-impedance amplifier circuit consists of a FET amplifier ADA4817-1 [28] (Analog Device, Wilmington, MA, USA) combined with peripheral circuitry, which has a large bandwidth, high swing rate, and low noise. The core device of the high-speed comparison circuit is a TLV3501 [29] (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA) with a fast response delay of 4.5 ns and a rail-to-rail input-output function;
- (b)
- Laser external trigger circuit: The IOESAS outputs a periodic pulsed signal to trigger the laser to emit light. To extend the laser life, the trigger circuit can cause the laser to emit light intermittently. This function is performed by ZYNQ’s FPGA and ARM together;
- (c)
- Laser communication circuit: it consists of a level conversion chip SP3232 [30] (MaxLinear, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and capacitors to complete the conversion between the LVTTL level and RS232 level;
- (d)
- Pulse signal sha** circuit: It consists of a clamp protection circuit, a 50 Ω impedance matching circuit, and a high-speed comparator AD602 [31] (Analog Device, Wilmington, MA, USA). AD602 converts the input signal into a standard signal at LVTTL level with a delay time of about 3 ns;
- (e)
- Circuit for matching impedance: OPA690 [32] (Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA) amplifies the gated signal (LVTTL level) produced from IOESAS to conduct pulse amplification and impedance matching, allowing the single photon detector to turn on the detecting function within a defined time;
- (f)
- GPS module interface circuit: the GPS inertial navigation sensor JY-GPSIMU (Wit motion, Shenzhen, China) is connected via a serial communication interface.
- (g)
- Data storage circuit: IOESAS stores the collected data on a USB flash disk with a maximum storage capacity of 128 GB;
- (h)
- Real-time clock circuit: the real-time clock chip DS1337 (Analog Device, Wilmington, MA, USA) provides clock/calendar information with an accuracy of seconds, and the data are transferred to the IOESAS via the I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) bus;
- (i)
- The IOESAS communicates via the RS485 bus with the Picomotor controller, which drives the adjustment frame 8822-AC [33] (New Port, Irvine, CA, USA), thus completing the adjustment of the laser beam azimuth and pitch angle of the laser beam.
- (j)
- Power is monitored using a PM101 [34] controller and an S470C thermal probe (Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA), which can detect wavelengths from 250 nm–10.6 µm with a resolution of 10 µW, a response time of 6.5 s and a maximum optical power density of 35 W/cm² (Avg). The IOESAS configures the PM101 via the serial port (including wavelength, range, resolution, etc.) and reads the power data;
- (k)
- Wireless communication circuit: Wireless data transmission is achieved by the Lora wireless communication module with data encryption and fixed-point transmission function. The module transmits at a power of 1000 mW, with a maximum transmission distance of 10 km.
2.2. Data Acquisition System of Lidar
3. Experimental Results and Analysis
3.1. Lidar System Control and Status Monitoring
3.2. Data Acquisition Function Test
3.3. Lidar Observation Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Unit | Parameters | Value |
---|---|---|
Transmitter | Wavelength/nm | 532.18 |
Pulse energy/μJ | 1000 | |
Pulse repetition rate/Hz | 3 k | |
Divergence angle/μrad | 113 | |
Pulse width/ns | 13 | |
Receiver | Telescope aperture/mm | 125 |
Iris size/mm | 0.5 | |
Receiver field of View/μrad | 280 | |
Optical filter bandwidth/nm | 0.5 | |
Data acquisition and control system | Detection mode | Photon-counting |
Bins width/ns | 50 (Remote adjustable) | |
Bins length | 2000 | |
Accumulative count | 10,000 (Remotely adjustable) | |
Control function | Laser monitoring and control, laser direction control, pulse energy monitoring |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Cheng, L.; **e, C. An Integrated Off-Line Echo Signal Acquisition System Implemented in SoC-FPGA for High Repetition Rate Lidar. Electronics 2023, 12, 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102331
Cheng L, **e C. An Integrated Off-Line Echo Signal Acquisition System Implemented in SoC-FPGA for High Repetition Rate Lidar. Electronics. 2023; 12(10):2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102331
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Liangliang, and Chenbo **e. 2023. "An Integrated Off-Line Echo Signal Acquisition System Implemented in SoC-FPGA for High Repetition Rate Lidar" Electronics 12, no. 10: 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102331