Exploring Summer Variations of Driving Factors Affecting Land Use Zoning Based on the Surface Urban Heat Island in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Numerous studies have examined land surface temperature (LST) changes in Thailand using remote sensing, but there has been little research on LST variations within urban land use zones. This study addressed this gap by analyzing summer LST changes in land use zoning (LUZ) blocks in the 2012 Chiang Mai Comprehensive Plan and their relationship with surface biophysical parameters (NDVI, NDBI, MNDWI). The approach integrated detailed zoning data with remote sensing for granular LST analysis. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses (SRA) revealed that NDBI significantly impacted LST in most block types, while NDVI and MNDWI also influenced LST, particularly in 2023. The findings demonstrated the complexity of LST dynamics across various LUZs in Chiang Mai, with SRA results explaining 45.7% to 53.2% of summer LST variations over three years. To enhance the urban environment, adaptive planning strategies for different block categories were developed and will be considered in the upcoming revision of the Chiang Mai Comprehensive Plan. This research offers a new method to monitor the urban heat island phenomenon at the block level, providing valuable insights for adaptive urban planning.