Meaning in Life and Loneliness as Mediators between COVID-19 Anxiety and Life Satisfaction in the Post-Pandemic among the General Population in Turkey: A Serial Mediation Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Serial Mediation Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Contributions
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 197 | 59.2 |
Male | 136 | 40.8 | |
Marital status | Married | 179 | 53.8 |
Single | 141 | 42.3 | |
Widowed/divorced | 13 | 3.9 | |
Education level | High school graduate | 47 | 14.1 |
Undergraduate | 197 | 59.2 | |
Postgraduate | 89 | 26.7 | |
Perceived socioeconomic level | Low | 23 | 6.9 |
Middle | 271 | 81.4 | |
High | 39 | 11.7 |
Variable | M | SD | α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Age | 33.92 | 0.49 | - | - | 0.11 * | −0.02 | 0.07 | −0.07 | 0.15 ** |
2. Gender | - | - | - | - | 0.15 ** | −0.19 ** | 0.14 * | −0.23 ** | |
3. COVID-19 anxiety | 1.34 | 0.58 | 0.87 | - | −0.20 ** | 0.38 ** | −0.13 * | ||
4. Meaning in life | 5.54 | 0.76 | 0.86 | - | −0.36 ** | 0.58 ** | |||
5. Loneliness | 1.74 | 1.57 | 0.78 | - | −0.34 ** | ||||
6. Life satisfaction | 3.13 | 1.50 | 0.85 | - |
Predictor | Outcome | Coeff | SE | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 anxiety | Meaning in life | −0.31 | 0.10 | −3.186 | <0.01 |
COVID-19 anxiety | Loneliness | 0.31 | 0.05 | 6.446 | <0.001 |
Meaning in life | Loneliness | −0.15 | 0.03 | −5.651 | <0.001 |
Meaning in life | Life satisfaction | 0.45 | 0.04 | 10.559 | <0.001 |
Loneliness | Life satisfaction | −0.27 | 0.08 | −3.173 | <0.01 |
COVID-19 anxiety | Life satisfaction | 0.08 | 0.08 | 1.071 | >0.05 |
95% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model Pathway | Mediator | Outcome | Coeff | SE | LLCI | ULCI |
COVID-19 anxiety → | Meaning in life → | Life satisfaction | −0.14 | 0.05 | −0.24 | −0.04 |
COVID-19 anxiety → | Loneliness → | Life satisfaction | −0.08 | 0.03 | −0.14 | −0.03 |
COVID-19 anxiety → | Meaning in life → Loneliness → | Life satisfaction | −0.13 | 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.01 |
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Çağış, Z.G.; Öztekin, G.G.; Aziz, I.A.; Chirico, F.; Rizzo, A.; Yıldırım, M. Meaning in Life and Loneliness as Mediators between COVID-19 Anxiety and Life Satisfaction in the Post-Pandemic among the General Population in Turkey: A Serial Mediation Model. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13, 2214-2225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100156
Çağış ZG, Öztekin GG, Aziz IA, Chirico F, Rizzo A, Yıldırım M. Meaning in Life and Loneliness as Mediators between COVID-19 Anxiety and Life Satisfaction in the Post-Pandemic among the General Population in Turkey: A Serial Mediation Model. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2023; 13(10):2214-2225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100156
Chicago/Turabian StyleÇağış, Zafer Güney, Gülçin Güler Öztekin, Izaddin Ahmad Aziz, Francesco Chirico, Amelia Rizzo, and Murat Yıldırım. 2023. "Meaning in Life and Loneliness as Mediators between COVID-19 Anxiety and Life Satisfaction in the Post-Pandemic among the General Population in Turkey: A Serial Mediation Model" European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 13, no. 10: 2214-2225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100156