Ecotoxicity Study of Additives Composed of Zinc and Boron
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Lemna Minor Growth Inhibition Test
2.2. Acute Toxicity Test
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Lemna Minor Growth Inhibition Test
3.2. Acute Toxicity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Additive | ZnO | B2O3 | Zn3BO6 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c [mg/L] | I NUM [%] | I AREA [%] | I NUM [%] | I AREA [%] | I NUM [%] | I AREA [%] | ||||||
10 | 32.5 | ± 6.57 a,b,c,d | 43.1 | ± 2.02 b | 11.5 | ± 3.68 a | 9.79 | ± 8.20 a | 45.2 | ± 7.15 c,d,e,f | 55.6 | ± 2.82 b,c,d,e |
50 | 43.7 | ± 4.51 c,d,e,f | 48.3 | ± 3.28 b,c,d | 20.1 | ± 1.31 a,b | 45.4 | ± 2.80 b,c | 39.7 | ± 5.51 b,c,d,e,f | 70.0 | ± 7.41 c,d,e,f |
100 | 48.8 | ± 4.85 c,d,e,f | 50.2 | ± 7.57 b,c,d | 30.4 | ± 7.40 a,b,c | 54.8 | ± 5.06 b,c,d,e | 41.4 | ± 5.13 b,c,d,e,f | 59.4 | ± 19.9 b,c,d,e |
250 | 36.4 | ± 8.78 b,c,d,e | 56.6 | ± 2.37 b,c,d,e | 85.8 | ± 3.24 g | 94.5 | ± 2.86 f,g,h | 59.0 | ± 2.99 f | 71.6 | ± 5.00 c,d,e,f |
500 | 37.0 | ± 6.70 b,c,d,e,f | 51.8 | ± 1.08 b,c,d,e | 92.7 | ± 5.22 g | 98.5 | ± 3.31 g,h | 53.4 | ± 2.12 d,e,f | 72.6 | ± 2.72 d,e,f,g |
1000 | 38.2 | ± 7.41 b,c,d,e,f | 50.5 | ± 10.2 b,c,d | 92.1 | ± 5.60 g | 101 | ± 8.55 h | 56.7 | ± 10.1 e,f | 76.8 | ± 4.36 e,f,g,h |
Additive | ZnO | B2O3 | Zn3BO6 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c [mg/L] | I CHL a [%] | I CHL b [%] | I CAROT [%] | I CHL a [%] | I CHL b [%] | I CAROT [%] | I CHL a [%] | I CHL b [%] | I CAROT [%] | |||||||||
10 | 32.8 | ± 1.88 b | −7.50 | ± 2.43 a | 16.2 | ± 2.68 a,b | 7.58 | ± 2.79 A | 7.35 | ± 1.96 A,B | 6.49 | ± 2.93 A | 41.2 | ± 5.39 β,γ | 14.4 | ± 7.72 α,β | 26.0 | ± 8.54 α,β,γ,δ |
50 | 30.4 | ± 2.95 b | −10.7 | ± 7.98 a | 16.1 | ± 4.27 a,b | 40.7 | ± 12.4 B,C | 18.1 | ± 12.0 A,B | 40.2 | ± 12.9 C,D,E | 42.7 | ± 5.33 β,γ | 16.7 | ± 18.9 α,β | 29.9 | ± 4.48 β,γ,δ |
100 | 37.1 | ± 2.09 b | 4.40 | ± 4.95 a,b | 21.1 | ± 1.45 a,b,c | 47.4 | ± 8.83 B,C,D | 18.1 | ± 17.2 A,B | 46.1 | ± 8.31 D,E | 46.0 | ± 4.91 β,γ,δ | 30.8 | ± 20.1 α,β,γ | 29.6 | ± 2.06 β,γ,δ |
250 | 35.2 | ± 0.41 b | 5.33 | ± 6.39 a,b | 18.5 | ± 0.42 a,b,c | 89.4 | ± 1.06 F | 68.1 | ± 2.71 D | 84.5 | ± 0.88 G | 47.5 | ± 6.84 β,γ,δ | 14.9 | ± 15.8 α,β | 37.3 | ± 2.29 β,γ,δ,ε |
500 | 41.6 | ± 1.09 b,c | 15.2 | ± 4.95 a,b | 24.3 | ± 3.84 a,b,c,d | 93.7 | ± 0.71 F | 68.5 | ± 4.99 C,D | 91.2 | ± 2.93 G | 57.7 | ± 4.04 γ,δ | 32.3 | ± 2.35 α,β,γ | 46.0 | ± 4.75 δ,ε |
1000 | 41.8 | ± 1.44 b,c | 18.6 | ± 5.33 a,b | 24.3 | ± 3.36 a,b,c,d | 86.4 | ± 2.49 E,F | 50.0 | ± 12.2 A,B,C | 82.2 | ± 1.01 F,G | 64.6 | ± 15.4 δ,ε | 44.0 | ± 22.0 β,γ,δ | 55.9 | ± 17.0 ε,ζ |
I [%] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c [mg/L] | S. alba | L. sativa | T. pratense | |||
10 | −52.6 | ± 3.83 a | 12.8 | ± 4.00 C | −0.317 | ± 4.36 α |
50 | −71.4 | ± 4.26 c | 39.4 | ± 1.66 A | −2.38 | ± 4.26 α |
100 | −96.5 | ± 5.33 b | 34.7 | ± 2.73 A | 21.1 | ± 8.36 β |
500 | −56.2 | ± 4.53 a | 51.0 | ± 1.66 B | 44.4 | ± 6.29 γ |
1000 | −20.1 | ± 1.28 d | 56.4 | ± 3.31 B | 35.0 | ± 6.42 β,γ |
I [%] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c [mg/L] | S. alba | L. sativa | T. pratense | |||
10 | −55.9 | ± 8.70 a | 17.9 | ± 2.19 A | 1.27 | ± 3.44 α |
50 | −50.3 | ± 3.76 a | 18.4 | ± 2.73 A | −2.54 | ± 1.00 α |
100 | −53.2 | ± 1.30 a | 14.8 | ± 2.82 A | −13.9 | ± 2.35 β |
500 | 10.6 | ± 2.82 b | 39.8 | ± 6.26 B | 55.5 | ± 1.00 γ |
1000 | 36.3 | ± 4.10 c | 82.8 | ± 4.07 C | 66.9 | ± 2.62 δ |
I [%] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c [mg/L] | S. alba | L. sativa | T. pratense | |||
10 | −86.2 | ± 8.34 b | 13.2 | ± 1.63 A | −13.3 | ± 2.35 γ |
50 | −107 | ± 4.17 a | 19.7 | ± 0.542 B | 10.3 | ± 3.34 α |
100 | −119 | ± 2.37 a | 31.5 | ± 1.25 C | 3.65 | ± 7.22 α |
500 | −105 | ± 7.78 a | 42.5 | ± 2.87 D | 35.7 | ± 3.24 β |
1000 | −28.2 | ± 6.40 c | 53.2 | ± 3.13 E | 44.4 | ± 2.65 β |
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Petrová, Š.; Soudek, P. Ecotoxicity Study of Additives Composed of Zinc and Boron. Toxics 2022, 10, 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120795
Petrová Š, Soudek P. Ecotoxicity Study of Additives Composed of Zinc and Boron. Toxics. 2022; 10(12):795. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120795
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrová, Šárka, and Petr Soudek. 2022. "Ecotoxicity Study of Additives Composed of Zinc and Boron" Toxics 10, no. 12: 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120795