Examining Changes in Shoulder Strength, Lower Body Power, and Body Composition among Collegiate Baseball Players after Completion of a Summer Baseball League Season
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Data Collection Procedures
2.3.1. Anthropometrics and Body Composition
2.3.2. Shoulder Strength
2.3.3. Lower Body Power
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Shoulder Strength
3.2. Body Composition
3.3. Lower Body Power
3.4. Relationship between Lower Body Power and Throwing Arm Strength
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Throwing Arm | Non-Throwing Arm | Difference | % | Ratio | p Value | ES (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I Position (N) | 170.0 ± 44.8 | 158.7 ± 50.3 | 13.3 ± 32.9 | 12.5 ± 27.9 | 1.12 ± 0.28 | 0.155 | 0.40 (−0.15, 0.94) |
Y Position (N) | 142.6 ± 39.6 | 128.9 ± 34.1 | 13.6 ± 25.8 | 12.1 ± 21.0 | 1.12 ± 0.21 | 0.069 | 0.53 (−0.40, 1.08) |
T Position (N) | 136.7 ± 26.4 | 128.7 ± 33.2 | 8.0 ± 18.2 | 8.6 ± 16.7 | 1.09 ± 0.17 | 0.124 | 0.44 (−0.12, 0.98) |
A Position (N) | 138.2 ± 32.2 | 141.9 ± 45.4 | −3.7 ± 28.7 | 1.5 ± 18.7 | 1.09 ± 0.18 | 0.636 | 0.13 (−0.65, 0.39) |
Baseline | Post | ES | % Change | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composite—Throwing | 1.55 ± 0.18 | 1.41 ± 0.21 | 0.72 | −9.03 | −0.27, −0.01 * |
Composite—Non-Throwing | 1.48 ± 0.21 | 1.45 ± 0.20 | 0.15 | −2.03 | −0.16, 0.09 |
I Position—Throwing | 1.73 ± 0.29 | 1.61 ± 0.35 | 0.38 | −6.94 | −0.37, 0.13 |
I Position—Non-Throwing | 1.66 ± 0.31 | 1.61 ± 0.26 | 0.18 | −3.01 | −0.16, 0.06 |
Y Position—Throwing | 1.47 ± 0.28 | 1.37 ± 0.28 | 0.36 | −6.80 | −0.33, 0.13 |
Y Position—Non-Throwing | 1.39 ± 0.27 | 1.39 ± 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.16, 0.17 |
T Position—Throwing | 1.50 ± 0.15 | 1.34 ± 0.17 | 1.00 | −10.67 | −0.26, −0.05 * |
T Position—Non-Throwing | 1.38 ± 0.20 | 1.42 ± 0.25 | 0.18 | 2.90 | −0.13, 0.20 |
A Position—Throwing | 1.49 ± 0.23 | 1.30 ± 0.22 | 0.84 | −12.75 | −0.32, −0.06 * |
A Position—Non-Throwing | 1.49 ± 0.31 | 1.37 ± 0.30 | 0.39 | −8.05 | −0.30, 0.06 |
Baseline | Post | ES | % Change | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body fat (%) | 11.36 ± 7.20 | 11.04 ± 5.57 | 0.05 | −2.82 | −4.05, 3.42 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 76.08 ± 9.56 | 76.04 ± 12.44 | 0.00 | −0.05 | −4.40, 4.33 |
Lower body power (W/kg) | 37.64 ± 9.24 | 54.50 ± 14.71 | 1.41 | 44.79 | 7.36, 26.36 |
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Merfeld, B.; Rowley, M.; Almonroeder, T.; Luedke, J.; Erickson, J.L.; Jones, M.T.; Fields, J.B.; Szymanski, E.; Jagim, A.R. Examining Changes in Shoulder Strength, Lower Body Power, and Body Composition among Collegiate Baseball Players after Completion of a Summer Baseball League Season. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2024, 9, 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020098
Merfeld B, Rowley M, Almonroeder T, Luedke J, Erickson JL, Jones MT, Fields JB, Szymanski E, Jagim AR. Examining Changes in Shoulder Strength, Lower Body Power, and Body Composition among Collegiate Baseball Players after Completion of a Summer Baseball League Season. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2024; 9(2):98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020098
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerfeld, Brandon, Matthew Rowley, Thomas Almonroeder, Joel Luedke, Jacob L. Erickson, Margaret T. Jones, Jennifer B. Fields, Elijah Szymanski, and Andrew R. Jagim. 2024. "Examining Changes in Shoulder Strength, Lower Body Power, and Body Composition among Collegiate Baseball Players after Completion of a Summer Baseball League Season" Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 2: 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020098