History of Mid- and Late Holocene Palaeofloods in the Yangtze Coastal Lowlands, East China: Evaluation of Non-Pollen Palynomorph Evidence, Review and Synthesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Study Area—Geological and Environmental Settings
2.1. The Yangtze Delta and the Taihu Lowlands
2.2. Recognition of Past Hydrological Changes
2.3. Climate and Precipitation Changes
2.4. Yangtze Floods
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Chuodun
4.2. Tianyilu
4.3. Dianshan
4.4. **wang
4.5. Summary
5. Discussion
5.1. Hydrology of the Taihu Lowland Plain
5.2. Terrestrialisation and Peat Formation
Site | Median Age of Peat |
---|---|
D2 [327] | 1050 |
Yaojiang [146] | 1321 |
T-1 [336] | 1350 |
Longnan [337] | 1500–1400 |
Dianshan [81] | 1514 |
D2 [327] | 1700 |
Taihu plain [332] | 1710–1414 |
Qingpu [313] | 2500 |
Yushan [98] | 2540 |
YZ-1 [327] | 2651 |
Taihu plain [332] | 3110–2818 |
Dong**g [52] | 3177–3111 |
Taihu plain [332] | 3630 |
Dong**g [52] | 3657–3639 |
Guoyuancun [303] | 3795–3710 |
Baiwaitan [52] | 4291 |
Maoshan [149] | 4464 |
Banxiangchan [52] | 4577 |
Liangzhu (LZ-1) [273] | 4620 |
Wuguishan [338] | 4630 |
Yangxi [30] | 4700 |
HB3 [339] | 4886 |
Hemudu [188] | 4924–4603 |
Luojiang [5,311] | 4940–4620 |
Yushan [340] | 4903 |
Taihu plain [332] | 5129–4346 |
Liangzhu (LZ-4) [273] | 5175 |
**gtoushan [341] | 5200– 5000 |
Tianluoshan [11] | 5326 |
Yaojiang [25] | 5386 |
Shisanzuqiao [332] | 5434–5347 |
Tiaoxi valley [1] | 5445 |
**aofengyang [52] | 5517 |
Feng**g [52] | 5680 |
Wuguishan [338] | 5815 |
Hemudu [342] | 6255 |
**gtoushan [341] | 6350–6200 |
Hemudu [178] | 6470–6255 |
Wu**cheng [52] | 6494 |
Yaojiang [177] | 6509 |
**gtoushan [341] | 6650–6500 |
**njie [221] | 6713 |
Gehu Lake [30] | 6800–6500 |
Hemudu 1501 [189] | 6932 |
Luotuodun [343] | 7000 |
Yuyao [344] | 7000 |
**njie [221] | 7210 |
Longnan [337] | 7410 |
Wujiabang [5] | 7509–7499 |
Taihu plain [332] | 7554–7134 |
Beihu [2] | 7914 |
Beihuqiao [329] | 7989–7883 |
Beihu [2] | 7990 |
Maqiao [52] | 8069 |
Hongkou [52] | 8156 |
Beihu [2] | 8348 |
Beihuqiao [329] | 8356 |
ZX-1 [327] | 8481 |
ZX-1 [250,323] | 8690–8512 |
**wang [260] | c.8850 |
Zhaoxiang [52] | 9072–8847 |
HL81063 [339] | 10,027 |
5.3. Major Palaeofloods
5.3.1. The Lower Yangtze and Delta
Site | Median Age of Flood Events |
---|---|
Lake Taihu [168] | 400–0 |
Dianshan [81] | 800 |
Jiang-nan [127] | 800–400 |
Jiang-nan [127] | 1400–1200 |
Longnan [337] | 1300–1200 |
Chaohu Lake [135] | 1300 |
Shangshan [361] | 1710 |
Longnan [337] | 1800–1700 |
Chuodun [303] | 1964 |
Chaohu Lake [135] | 2200, 1800 |
Guangfulin [311] | 2400 |
Qingfeng [246] | 3900 |
Maqiao [362] | 4000–3800 |
Maoshan [149] | 4000–3900 |
Maoshan [154] | 4000–3900 |
Chuodun [363] | c.4000 |
Dadong [363] | c.4000 |
Dasan** [363] | c.4000 |
Guoyuancun [363] | c.4000 |
Liangzhu [363,364] | c.4000 |
Longtanhu [363] | c.4000 |
Shuitianfan [363] | c.4000 |
Tangwanli [363] | c.4000 |
Tenghualuo [142] | c.4000 |
Taihu plain [365] | c.4000 |
Yuanjiadi [363] | c.4000 |
Wangjiashan [363] | c.4000 |
Xuxiang [363] | c.4000 |
Yuecheng [363] | c.4000 |
Tianyilu [303] | 4030 |
Yuhuicun [366] | 4100 |
XL [367] | 4200 |
Caoxieshan [246] | 5250 |
Baohuashan [246] | 5860 |
Fuquanshan [246] | 6020 |
Songze [246] | 6170 |
Huaihe valley [368] | 6250–5500 |
Qingfeng [139] | 6400–5500 |
**gtoushan [341] | 6500 |
**wang [260] | 7650 |
HG01 [176] | 7700 |
Taihu plain [139] | 8100–7700 |
Lower Yangtze [141] | 9200–8000 |
5.3.2. The Upper and Middle Yangtze
Site | Median Age of Flood Event |
---|---|
Wufeng [349] | 400 |
Weibicun [160] | 600 |
Poyang [401] | 800–0 |
Nanchang [288] | 840–772 |
Weibicun [160] | 1000–800 |
Luojiatan [153] | 1800–1700 |
Liaowadian [151,166] | 1800 |
Weibicun [160] | 1800 |
Zhangjiawan [403] | 1800 |
**ntancun [166] | 1900–1700 |
Weibicun [160] | 2200 |
Liaowadian [151,166] | 2200 |
Majie [400] | 2610 |
Longgan Lake [278] | 2700 |
Hanjiang TJW [158] | c.3000 |
Weihe GCZ [158] | c.3100 |
Luojiatan [153,166] | 3200–2800 |
East Dongting [387] | 3900 |
Baodun [399] | 4000–3800 |
Caitai [376] | c.4000 |
Chengtoushan [369] | c.4000 |
Longgan Lake [278] | c.4000 |
Dongting [391] | c.4000 |
Lajia [404] | c.4000 |
Jianghan [171] | c.4000 |
Hongqiacun [170] | c.4000 |
**sha [145,170] | c.4000 |
Mangcheng [399] | c.4000 |
Three Gorges [29] | c.4000 |
Shuanghe [399] | c.4000 |
Zhongba [148] | c.4000 |
Yichang [405] | c.4000 |
Yuxi [375] | c.4000 |
Wulinji [376] | c.4000 |
Zhongqiao [119,170] | 4100–3800 |
Zhongqiao [119,170] | 4168 |
Tanjialing [294] | 4200–4000 |
Luojiatan [153] | 4200 |
Zhongqiao [119] | 4900–4600 |
Dongting [391] | 5800 |
T0403 Yuxi [295] | 6800–6300 |
T0403 Yuxi [295] | 7600–7250 |
Dajiuhu [354] | 9500–7500 |
5.4. Influence of Hydrology on Human Settlement and Land Use
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Depth (m) | Description |
---|---|---|
Chuodun | 0.00–0.30 | Agricultural soil |
0.30–0.50 | Yellow-grey firm silt and clay with organic matter | |
0.50–0.95 | Green-grey soft clay | |
0.95–1.20 | Black-grey soft clay | |
1.20–1.38 | Green-grey soft clay | |
1.38–1.50 | Hard clay | |
Tianyilu | 0.00–0.50 | Organic soil |
0.50–1.60 | Brown-grey firm silt and clay, rich in organic matter and herbaceous roots | |
1.60–2.00 | Black-grey soft silt and clay | |
2.00–2.30 | Green-grey soft silt and clay | |
Dianshan | 0.00–1.00 | Agricultural soil |
1.00–1.15 | Brown-yellow silt | |
1.15–1.90 | Green-grey mud | |
1.90–2.20 | Dark grey mud | |
2.20–2.45 | Green-grey highly organic mud | |
2.45–2.60 | Black peat | |
2.60–2.65 | Brown-black peaty mud | |
2.65–3.05 | Green-grey mud | |
3.05–3.45 | Grey mud with calcium carbonate patches | |
3.45–3.50 | Hard clay | |
**wang | 0.00–0.45 | Organic soils |
0.45–1.10 | Brown-yellow grey firm clay | |
1.10–1.25 | Black-grey soft clay | |
1.25–1.80 | Green-grey soft clay | |
1.80–2.10 | Brown-grey soft organic-rich clay | |
2.10–3.10 | Dark grey soft organic-rich clay with small shells in the upper part | |
3.10–3.70 | Green-grey soft silt and clay | |
3.70–3.80 | Black-brown peat | |
3.80–4.00 | Hard clay |
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Innes, J.B.; Zong, Y. History of Mid- and Late Holocene Palaeofloods in the Yangtze Coastal Lowlands, East China: Evaluation of Non-Pollen Palynomorph Evidence, Review and Synthesis. Quaternary 2021, 4, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat4030021
Innes JB, Zong Y. History of Mid- and Late Holocene Palaeofloods in the Yangtze Coastal Lowlands, East China: Evaluation of Non-Pollen Palynomorph Evidence, Review and Synthesis. Quaternary. 2021; 4(3):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat4030021
Chicago/Turabian StyleInnes, James B., and Yongqiang Zong. 2021. "History of Mid- and Late Holocene Palaeofloods in the Yangtze Coastal Lowlands, East China: Evaluation of Non-Pollen Palynomorph Evidence, Review and Synthesis" Quaternary 4, no. 3: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat4030021