Neighborhood Light at Night and Noise Levels, and Long-Term Sleep Trajectories in the Southern Community Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Data and Study Population
4.2. Sleep Trajectories
4.3. Light and Noise Measurements
4.4. Covariates
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Normal–Normal | Short–Short | Long–Long | Short–Long | Long–Short | Normal–Short | Normal–Long | Short–Normal | Long–Normal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black individuals | |||||||||
N (%) | 6951 (24.2) | 6095 (21.2) | 1377 (4.8) | 1519 (5.3) | 979 (3.4) | 3205 (11.1) | 2111 (7.3) | 4547 (15.8) | 1975 (6.9) |
Age, Mean (SD) | 53 (8.7) | 51 (7.9) | 52 (8.8) | 52 (8.3) | 51 (8.4) | 52 (8.6) | 53 (9.0) | 52 (8.2) | 52 (8.5) |
Female, % | 65.9 | 68.4 | 66.0 | 63.8 | 65.6 | 67.1 | 63.3 | 66.4 | 63.2 |
College/higher, % | 15.7 | 15.6 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 11.7 | 10.6 | 13.9 | 9.0 |
Household income, <USD 15,000, % | 49.4 | 49.8 | 63.0 | 62.7 | 64.7 | 55.3 | 58.7 | 51.0 | 59.3 |
Metro residence, % | 75.5 | 79.5 | 77.0 | 77.0 | 76.9 | 75.7 | 75.5 | 77.1 | 74.3 |
Neighborhood SES (lowest), % | 55.7 | 54.7 | 62.5 | 61.6 | 61.6 | 57.1 | 60.1 | 56.8 | 61.4 |
LAN, highest quintile, % | 19.7 | 20.5 | 22.3 | 22.1 | 24.5 | 21.8 | 20.0 | 19.8 | 22.8 |
LAN, median (IQR) | 172.9 (239.8) | 191.2 (228.6) | 197.6 (236.3) | 185.8 (245.0) | 198.7 (249.6) | 185.8 (243.3) | 191.2 (244.9) | 186.6 (227.6) | 191.7 (253.4) |
Noise, highest quintile, % | 19.5 | 21.2 | 22.9 | 20.9 | 25.0 | 22.0 | 20.8 | 20.1 | 21.6 |
Noise, median (IQR) | 45.1 (4.3) | 45.6 (4.2) | 45.7 (4.2) | 45.7 (4.2) | 46.0 (4.3) | 45.4 (4.4) | 45.5 (4.3) | 45.5 (4.2) | 45.5 (4.3) |
White individuals | |||||||||
N (%) | 5938 (36.5) | 3012 (18.5) | 751 (4.6) | 679 (4.2) | 187 (1.1) | 1282 (7.9) | 1303 (8.0) | 2400 (14.7) | 724 (4.4) |
Age, Mean (SD) | 56 (9.1) | 53 (8.5) | 56 (9.1) | 53 (8.9) | 52 (8.6) | 54 (9.2) | 56 (9.2) | 55 (8.8) | 55 (8.9) |
Female, % | 60.6 | 67.6 | 62.1 | 71.0 | 65.2 | 68.3 | 65.0 | 65.4 | 66.0 |
College/higher, % | 34.4 | 17.3 | 21.4 | 8.5 | 9.1 | 20.6 | 23.0 | 20.5 | 18.0 |
Household income, <USD 15,000, % | 26.8 | 46.9 | 46.8 | 61.4 | 58.5 | 40.3 | 43.7 | 40.7 | 48.5 |
Metro residence, % | 74.3 | 78.5 | 75.6 | 76.4 | 76.5 | 74.1 | 76.0 | 74.8 | 74.4 |
Neighborhood SES (lowest), % | 9.9 | 13.9 | 13.4 | 16.4 | 16.9 | 14.6 | 14.3 | 11.4 | 15.2 |
LAN, highest quintile, % | 6.9 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 7.4 | 10.9 |
LAN, median (IQR) | 62.3 (152.1) | 66.5 (169.3) | 67.3 (168.7) | 63.3 (178.8) | 65.9 (180.2) | 55.7 (159.4) | 75.6 (179.9) | 59.8 (151.5) | 67.1 (175.8) |
Noise, highest quintile, % | 7.6 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 10.7 | 8.5 | 11.3 | 8.7 | 10.7 |
Noise, median (IQR) | 43.5 (3.8) | 43.7 (4.6) | 43.6 (4.1) | 43.6 (4.9) | 43.7 (5.3) | 43.5 (4.6) | 43.7 (4.5) | 43.5 (4.2) | 43.8 (4.7) |
Total sample | |||||||||
N (%) | 12,889 (28.6) | 9107 (20.2) | 2128 (4.7) | 2198 (4.9) | 1166 (2.6) | 4487 (10.0) | 3414 (7.6) | 6947 (15.4) | 2699 (6.0) |
Age, Mean (SD) | 54 (9.1) | 52 (8.2) | 53 (9.1) | 52 (8.5) | 51 (8.5) | 53 (8.8) | 54 (9.2) | 53 (8.5) | 53 (8.7) |
Female, % | 63.4 | 68.1 | 64.6 | 66.0 | 65.5 | 67.4 | 63.9 | 66.1 | 64.0 |
College/higher, % | 24.3 | 16.1 | 13.4 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 14.2 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 11.4 |
Household income, <USD 15,000, % | 39.0 | 48.9 | 57.3 | 62.3 | 63.7 | 51.0 | 53.0 | 47.5 | 56.4 |
Metro residence, % | 75.0 | 79.2 | 76.5 | 76.8 | 76.8 | 75.2 | 75.7 | 76.3 | 74.4 |
Neighborhood SES (lowest), % | 34.8 | 41.3 | 45.3 | 47.7 | 54.6 | 45.1 | 42.9 | 41.3 | 49.1 |
LAN, highest quintile, % | 13.8 | 16.8 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 22.8 | 18.2 | 16.6 | 15.5 | 19.6 |
LAN, median (IQR) | 114.5 (220.5) | 145.7 (232.6) | 146.9 (241.4) | 143.8 (248.1) | 170.2 (256.0) | 143.8 (243.1) | 143.8 (242.4) | 133.9 (231.5) | 152.2 (255.9) |
Noise, highest quintile, % | 14.0 | 17.7 | 18.9 | 17.7 | 22.7 | 18.2 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 |
Noise, median (IQR) | 44.3 (4.5) | 44.8 (4.6) | 44.8 (4.6) | 44.8 (4.6) | 45.5 (4.4) | 44.7 (4.6) | 44.7 (4.6) | 44.6 (4.5) | 44.9 (4.5) |
Normal–Normal | Short–Short | Long–Long | Short–Long | Long–Short | Normal–Short | Normal–Long | Short–Normal | Long–Normal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LAN Levels | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | |
Black individuals | |||||||||
Q1 (Lowest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Q2 | Ref | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.13 (0.91, 1.39) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.61) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.16) | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.18) |
Q3 | Ref | 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) | 1.30 (1.05, 1.62) | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) | 1.13 (0.87, 1.47) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.25) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) |
Q4 | Ref | 1.21 (1.06, 1.37) | 1.22 (0.97, 1.52) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) | 1.12 (0.86, 1.47) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.29) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.24) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.28) |
Q5 (Highest) | 1.16 (1.00, 1.33) | 1.24 (0.97, 1.57) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.24) | 1.33 (1.01, 1.75) | 1.20(1.01, 1.42) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.41) | |
White individuals | |||||||||
Q1 (Lowest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Q2 | Ref | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.44) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) | 1.21 (0.80, 1.84) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.27) |
Q3 | Ref | 1.01 (0.87, 1.16) | 1.26 (0.98, 1.61) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.29) | 1.14 (0.70, 1.84) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.20) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.37) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.26) | 0.97 (0.75, 1.25) |
Q4 | Ref | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | 0.97 (0.71, 1.32) | 1.04 (0.77, 1.41) | 0.96 (0.53, 1.74) | 0.94 (0.74, 1.20) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.36) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.70, 1.29) |
Q5 (Highest) | Ref | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 1.36 (0.98, 1.89) | 0.97 (0.68, 1.37) | 1.51 (0.84, 2.74) | 1.06 (0.81, 1.39) | 1.47 (1.14, 1.90) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) | 1.29 (0.93, 1.79) |
Total sample | |||||||||
Q1 (Lowest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Q2 | Ref | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) | 1.15 (0.99, 1.34) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 1.29 (1.05, 1.58) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.10) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) |
Q3 | Ref | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 1.28 (1.09, 1.50) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.18) | 1.17 (0.93, 1.46) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.14) |
Q4 | Ref | 1.10 (1.00, 1.22) | 1.14 (0.95, 1.36) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.40) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.29) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) |
Q5 (Highest) | Ref | 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.48) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.13) | 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.33) |
Normal–Normal | Short–Short | Long–Long | Short–Long | Long–Short | Normal–Short | Normal–Long | Short–Normal | Long–Normal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noise levels | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | OR | |
Black individuals | |||||||||
Q1 (Lowest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Q2 | Ref | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.31) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.23) | 1.05 (0.82, 1.34) | 0.93 (0.81, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.13) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) |
Q3 | Ref | 1.13 (1.00, 1.27) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) | 1.05 (0.87, 1.28) | 1.10 (0.86, 1.40) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.22) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.25) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 1.20 (1.01, 1.43) |
Q4 | Ref | 1.25 (1.11, 1.42) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.37) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.37) | 1.22 (0.96, 1.56) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.33) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.38) | 1.16 (0.96, 1.39) |
Q5 (Highest) | 1.25 (1.10, 1.43) | 1.20 (0.96, 1.49) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | 1.39 (1.08, 1.79) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.42) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 1.15 (1.00, 1.33) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) | |
White individuals | |||||||||
Q1 (Lowest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Q2 | Ref | 1.06 (0.93, 1.20) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.22) | 1.27 (0.85, 1.91) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) | 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.16) |
Q3 | Ref | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 1.16 (0.92, 1.46) | 0.86 (0.66, 1.11) | 0.97 (0.60, 1.55) | 0.81 (0.67, 0.97) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.27) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) |
Q4 | Ref | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.20) | 1.04 (0.79, 1.35) | 1.24 (0.77, 1.99) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.08) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.43) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) | 1.10 (0.85, 1.43) |
Q5 (Highest) | Ref | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.63) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.24) | 1.07 (0.60, 1.90) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) | 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.19) | 1.11 (0.82, 1.51) |
Total sample | |||||||||
Q1 (Lowest) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Q2 | Ref | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) |
Q3 | Ref | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.28) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.28) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.15) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.27) |
Q4 | Ref | 1.21 (1.10, 1.32) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.21) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.29) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.48) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.32) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.30) |
Q5 (Highest) | Ref | 1.19 (1.07, 1.31) | 1.15 (0.97, 1.37) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.15) | 1.31 (1.05, 1.64) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.16 (1.01, 1.34) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.14 (0.98, 1.33) |
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Nyarko, S.H.; **ao, Q. Neighborhood Light at Night and Noise Levels, and Long-Term Sleep Trajectories in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Clocks & Sleep 2024, 6, 234-245. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep6020016
Nyarko SH, **ao Q. Neighborhood Light at Night and Noise Levels, and Long-Term Sleep Trajectories in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Clocks & Sleep. 2024; 6(2):234-245. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep6020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleNyarko, Samuel H., and Qian **ao. 2024. "Neighborhood Light at Night and Noise Levels, and Long-Term Sleep Trajectories in the Southern Community Cohort Study" Clocks & Sleep 6, no. 2: 234-245. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep6020016