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Electrochem
Volume 1
Issue 3
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Electrochem, Volume 1, Issue 3 (September 2020) – 6 articles

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15 pages, 2824 KiB  
Article
Effect of TiO2 Photoanodes Morphology and Dye Structure on Dye-Regeneration Kinetics Investigated by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
by Sabina Scarabino, Kazuteru Nonomura, Nick Vlachopoulos, Anders Hagfeldt and Gunther Wittstock
Electrochem 2020, 1(3), 329-343; https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem1030021 - 1 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
The dye regeneration in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is improved by optimizing the charge separation at the level of the sensitized semiconductor treatment of the mesoporous electrode by TiCl4 that passivates the surface for back electron transfer reactions. The dye-regeneration kinetics is [...] Read more.
The dye regeneration in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is improved by optimizing the charge separation at the level of the sensitized semiconductor treatment of the mesoporous electrode by TiCl4 that passivates the surface for back electron transfer reactions. The dye-regeneration kinetics is analyzed for DN216- and D358-sensitized porous TiO2 electrodes with and without a TiCl4 treatment by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Different mass transport limitation of the [Co(bpy)3]3+ mediator through the porous electrode is found for the comparison of the structurally similar dyes but cannot be detected for the thin layer introduced by the TiCl4 treatment. Phototransient measurements are conducted directly in the SECM cell without any intermediated sample manipulation. The results from those measurements corroborate the findings from steady state SECM measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers Collection of Editorial Board Members of Electrochem 2020)
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7 pages, 1271 KiB  
Communication
Oxygen-Plasma Surface Treatment of an Electrode Sheet Using Carbon from Japanese Distilled Liquor Waste for Double-layer Capacitors
by Daisuke Tashima, Masaki Hirano, Satoshi Kitazaki, Takuya Eguchi and Seiji Kumagai
Electrochem 2020, 1(3), 322-328; https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem1030020 - 1 Sep 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2634
Abstract
Oxygen-plasma treatment was performed on an activated carbon sheet obtained from shochu (Japanese distilled liquor) waste using a high-frequency plasma generator. The capacitances of the activated carbon sheet electrode subjected to surface treatment were measured using cyclic voltammetry. The best results were obtained [...] Read more.
Oxygen-plasma treatment was performed on an activated carbon sheet obtained from shochu (Japanese distilled liquor) waste using a high-frequency plasma generator. The capacitances of the activated carbon sheet electrode subjected to surface treatment were measured using cyclic voltammetry. The best results were obtained with a processing time of 60 min, an output power of 40 W, an interelectrode distance of 13 cm and an oxygen pressure of 40 Pa. The maximum capacitance was 247 F g−1. Investigation of the surface functional groups of the activated carbon sheet revealed that the oxygen-containing functional groups modified on the surface of the activated carbon sheet electrode contributed to the improvement in the capacitance. High-performance electric double-layer capacitors can be realized using the developed electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers Collection of Editorial Board Members of Electrochem 2020)
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36 pages, 7904 KiB  
Review
Electrodeposition Fabrication of Chalcogenide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
by Sudipto Saha, Michael Johnson, Fadhilah Altayaran, Youli Wang, Danling Wang and Qifeng Zhang
Electrochem 2020, 1(3), 286-321; https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem1030019 - 21 Aug 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 8678
Abstract
Electrodeposition, which features low cost, easy scale-up, good control in the composition and great flexible substrate compatibility, is a favorable technique for producing thin films. This paper reviews the use of the electrodeposition technique for the fabrication of several representative chalcogenides that have [...] Read more.
Electrodeposition, which features low cost, easy scale-up, good control in the composition and great flexible substrate compatibility, is a favorable technique for producing thin films. This paper reviews the use of the electrodeposition technique for the fabrication of several representative chalcogenides that have been widely used in photovoltaic devices. The review focuses on narrating the mechanisms for the formation of films and the key factors that affect the morphology, composition, crystal structure and electric and photovoltaic properties of the films. The review ends with a remark section addressing some of the key issues in the electrodeposition method towards creating high quality chalcogenide films. Full article
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8 pages, 2866 KiB  
Communication
Active Carbon Modified by Rhenium Species as a Perspective Supercapacitor Electrode
by Mateusz Ciszewski, Andrzej Koszorek, Łukasz Hawełek, Małgorzata Osadnik, Katarzyna Szleper and Michał Drzazga
Electrochem 2020, 1(3), 278-285; https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem1030018 - 1 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2329
Abstract
We have reported the synthesis of a new kind of composite combining a rhenium precursor and active carbon. Similarly to other refractory metals, rhenium exhibits several oxidation states that makes it an ideal candidate for redox-type energy storage materials. A simple impregnation of [...] Read more.
We have reported the synthesis of a new kind of composite combining a rhenium precursor and active carbon. Similarly to other refractory metals, rhenium exhibits several oxidation states that makes it an ideal candidate for redox-type energy storage materials. A simple impregnation of pretreated active carbon with ammonium perrhenate allowed to produce an electrode material with an enhanced specific capacitance. There was not any observed detrimental effect of metal species on the cycle life of the electrode. A small increase in charge transfer resistance was counter-balanced by the improved impedance in the whole examined range. Full article
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18 pages, 3657 KiB  
Review
Supported and Suspended 2D Material-Based FET Biosensors
by Nirul Masurkar, Sundeep Varma and Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
Electrochem 2020, 1(3), 260-277; https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem1030017 - 23 Jul 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4970
Abstract
Field Effect Transistor (FET)-based electrochemical biosensor is gaining a lot of interest due to its malleability with modern fabrication technology and the ease at which it can be integrated with modern digital electronics. To increase the sensitivity and response time of the FET-based [...] Read more.
Field Effect Transistor (FET)-based electrochemical biosensor is gaining a lot of interest due to its malleability with modern fabrication technology and the ease at which it can be integrated with modern digital electronics. To increase the sensitivity and response time of the FET-based biosensor, many semiconducting materials have been categorized, including 2 dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. These 2D materials are easy to fabricate, increase sensitivity due to the atomic layer, and are flexible for a range of biomolecule detection. Due to the atomic layer of 2D materials each device requires a supporting substrate to fabricate a biosensor. However, uneven morphology of supporting substrate leads to unreliable output from every device due to scattering effect. This review summarizes advances in 2D material-based electrochemical biosensors both in supporting and suspended configurations by using different atomic monolayer, and presents the challenges involved in supporting substrate-based 2D biosensors. In addition, we also point out the advantages of nanomaterials over bulk materials in the biosensor domain. Full article
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34 pages, 8628 KiB  
Review
Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Advances and Trends
by Claudia V. Lopez, Charini P. Maladeniya and Rhett C. Smith
Electrochem 2020, 1(3), 226-259; https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem1030016 - 1 Jul 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4561
Abstract
A review with 132 references. Societal and regulatory pressures are pushing industry towards more sustainable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, while the growing popularity of portable cordless electronic devices continues. These trends necessitate the ability to store large amounts of [...] Read more.
A review with 132 references. Societal and regulatory pressures are pushing industry towards more sustainable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, while the growing popularity of portable cordless electronic devices continues. These trends necessitate the ability to store large amounts of power efficiently in rechargeable batteries that should also be affordable and long-lasting. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have recently gained renewed interest for their potential low cost and high energy density, potentially over 2600 Wh kg−1. The current review will detail the most recent advances in early 2020. The focus will be on reports published since the last review on Li-S batteries. This review is meant to be helpful for beginners as well as useful for those doing research in the field, and will delineate some of the cutting-edge adaptations of many avenues that are being pursued to improve the performance and safety of Li-S batteries. Full article
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