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Article

Coherence-Enhanced Single-Qubit Thermometry out of Equilibrium

by
Gonçalo Frazão
1,2,*,
Marco Pezzutto
1,3,4,5,*,
Yasser Omar
1,3,4,
Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro
2 and
Stefano Gherardini
5,6,*
1
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
2
Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
3
Physics of Information and Quantum Technologies Group, Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
4
PQI—Portuguese Quantum Institute, 1600-531 Lisboa, Portugal
5
Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
6
European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Entropy 2024, 26(7), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070568
Submission received: 23 May 2024 / Revised: 19 June 2024 / Accepted: 27 June 2024 / Published: 30 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Quantum Thermodynamics)

Abstract

The metrological limits of thermometry operated in nonequilibrium dynamical regimes are analyzed. We consider a finite-dimensional quantum system, employed as a quantum thermometer, in contact with a thermal bath inducing Markovian thermalization dynamics. The quantum thermometer is initialized in a generic quantum state, possibly including quantum coherence with respect to the Hamiltonian basis. We prove that the precision of the thermometer, quantified by the Quantum Fisher Information, is enhanced by the quantum coherence in its initial state. We analytically show this in the specific case of qubit thermometers for which the maximization of the Quantum Fisher Information occurs at a finite time during the transient thermalization dynamics. Such a finite-time precision enhancement can be better than the precision that is achieved asymptotically.
Keywords: quantum thermodynamics; quantumm thermometry; quantum fisher information; generalized amplitude dam** channel; quantum coherence; quantum simulation with optics quantum thermodynamics; quantumm thermometry; quantum fisher information; generalized amplitude dam** channel; quantum coherence; quantum simulation with optics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Frazão, G.; Pezzutto, M.; Omar, Y.; Zambrini Cruzeiro, E.; Gherardini, S. Coherence-Enhanced Single-Qubit Thermometry out of Equilibrium. Entropy 2024, 26, 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070568

AMA Style

Frazão G, Pezzutto M, Omar Y, Zambrini Cruzeiro E, Gherardini S. Coherence-Enhanced Single-Qubit Thermometry out of Equilibrium. Entropy. 2024; 26(7):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070568

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frazão, Gonçalo, Marco Pezzutto, Yasser Omar, Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro, and Stefano Gherardini. 2024. "Coherence-Enhanced Single-Qubit Thermometry out of Equilibrium" Entropy 26, no. 7: 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070568

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