Graphene Coated Nanoprobes: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Graphene-Coated AFM Probes Production
2.1. Direct Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on AFM Nanoprobes
2.2. Transfer of CVD-Grown Graphene onto AFM Probes
2.3. Mold-Assisted Transfer of CVD-Grown Graphene onto AFM Probes
2.4. Direct Graphite-Like Thin Film Deposition on AFM Nanoprobes
2.5. Liquid Phase Graphene Flakes Coated AFM Probes
3. Perspectives on the Fabrication of Graphene Coated AFM Probes
4. Functionalities of Graphene Coated AFM Probes
4.1. High Wear Resistance in Lateral Scans
4.2. Avoiding Water Perturbations at the Tip–Sample Junction
4.3. Lower Data Variability
4.4. High Stability vs. High Currents and Mechanical Strains: Enhanced Lifetime
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Model | Tip Coating (nm) | Bulk Materials | Tip Radius (nm) | Spring k (N/m) | Freq (kHz) | Manufacturer | Unit Price ($) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metal varnished Si tip | SCM-PIC | PtIr | n-doped Si | 20 + 5 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 13 (10–16) | Bruker | 41.9 |
OSCM-PT | Pt (20) | Si | 15 + 10 | 2 (0.6–3.5) | 70 (50–90) | Bruker | 51.2 | |
SCM-PTSI | Pt/Si | n-doped Si | 15 + 10 | 2.8 (1–5) | 75 (50–100) | Bruker | 156.7 | |
SMIM-150 | TiW | Si3N4 | 50 ± 10 | 8 (7–9) | 75 (70–80) | Bruker | 139.8 | |
MESP | Co/Cr | Si | 35 + 15 | 2.8 (1–5) | 75 (50–100) | Bruker | 116.7 | |
Arrow CONTPT | Cr/PtIr (5/25) | Si | 33 ± 10 | 0.2 (0.06–0.38) | 14 (10–19) | NanoWorld | 38 | |
CONTPT | Cr/PtIr (5/25) | Si | 30 ± 10 | 0.2 (0.07–0.4) | 13 (9–17) | NanoWorld | 42.98 | |
ATEC-CONTPT | Cr/PtIr (5/25) | Si | 33 ± 10 | 0.2 (0.02–0.75) | 15 (7–25) | Nanosensors | 41.39 | |
PPP-CONTPT | Cr/PtIr (5/25) | Si | 30 ± 10 | 0.2 (0.02–0.77) | 13 (6–21) | Nanosensors | 46.11 | |
PtSi-NCH | Pt | Si | 30 ± 10 | 42 (10–130) | 330 (204–497) | Nanosensors | 152.08 | |
ACCESSS-NC-GG | Au | Si | 30 | 113 | 330 | App Nano | 53.99 | |
TiN-ACT | TiN | Si | 70 | 37 | 300 | App Nano | 39.5 | |
AC240TM | Ti/Pt (5/20) | Si | 28 ± 10 | 2 (0.3–4.8) | 70 (45–95) | Olympus | 35.94 | |
NSC14/Pt | Pt or Au | Si | <30 | 5 (1.8–13) | 160 (110–220) | μ-Masch | 40.3 | |
Electri Tap 190-G | Cr/Pt | Si | <25 | 48 (20–100) | 190 ± 60 | Budgetsensors | 37.26 | |
Doped diamond varnished Si tip | CDT-FMR | Doped diamond | Si | 83 ± 17 | 2.8 (1.2–5.5) | 75 (60–90) | NanoWorld | 143.66 |
CDT-CONTR | Doped diamond | Si | 83 ± 17 | 0.2 (0.02–0.77) | 13 (6–21) | Nanosensors | 152.08 | |
CDT-NCLR | Doped diamond | Si | 83 ± 17 | 48 (21–98) | 190 (146–236) | Nanosensors | 152.08 | |
DD-ACCESS-NC | Doped diamond | Si | 100–300 | 93 | 320 | App Nano | 154.48 | |
DDESP-FM | Doped diamond | Si | 150 + 50 | 6.2 (3–11.4) | 105 (80–103) | Bruker | 132.8 | |
AD-0.5-AS | Single crystal diamond | Si | 10 ± 5 | 0.5 (0.1–1) | 30 (10–50) | Bruker | 186.5 | |
AD-0.5-SS | Single crystal diamond | Si | <5 | 0.5 (0.1–1) | 30 (10–50) | Bruker | 279.6 | |
Solid metal AFM tip | RMN-12PT400B | None | Pt | 15 ± 5 | 0.3 (0.18–0.42) | 4.5 (3.15-5.85) | Bruker | 74.5 |
Solid doped diamond AFM tip | SSRM-DIA | None | Diamond | 5–20 | 3/11/27 | - | Bruker (IMEC) | 372.2 |
P-CT1T2S | None | Diamond | - | 0.71 | 50 | Advanced Creative Solution Technology | 1050 | |
P-CTCR1S | None | Diamond | <10 nm | 0.35 | 35 | Advanced Creative Solution Technology | 950 |
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Hui, F.; Chen, S.; Liang, X.; Yuan, B.; **g, X.; Shi, Y.; Lanza, M. Graphene Coated Nanoprobes: A Review. Crystals 2017, 7, 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7090269
Hui F, Chen S, Liang X, Yuan B, **g X, Shi Y, Lanza M. Graphene Coated Nanoprobes: A Review. Crystals. 2017; 7(9):269. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7090269
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui, Fei, Shaochuan Chen, **anhu Liang, Bin Yuan, Xu **g, Yuanyuan Shi, and Mario Lanza. 2017. "Graphene Coated Nanoprobes: A Review" Crystals 7, no. 9: 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7090269