The Effects of Various Long-Term Fertilizer Applications on Soil Carbon Fractions in a Winter Wheat Monoculture Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Sample Collection and Analysis
2.4. Calculation of Soil Carbon Pool-Related Indicators and the Farmland Carbon Input
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Carbon Inputs on SOC after Different Fertilizer Treatments
3.2. Effects of Different Fertilization Practices on the SOC Fractions
3.3. Effects of Various Fertilization Practices on Soil Carbon Pools
3.4. Effect of Different Fertilization Practices on Soil Characteristics
3.5. Effect of Fertilizer Application on Soil Carbon Pool Stability
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Fertilizer Application on Soil Carbon Pools
4.2. Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus and Two Enzymes
4.3. Effects of Various Environmental Factors on Differently Fertilized Soil Carbon Pools
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Cumulative Fertilizer Application (kg·hm−2) | Cumulative Organic Fertilizer Application (kg·hm−2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | ||
CK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
FP | 1500.0 | 261.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
OF | 899.3 | 284.6 | 236.1 | 0.0 |
OFM | 567.8 | 158.6 | 32.0 | 19,991 |
OFB | 567.8 | 158.6 | 32.0 | 19,991 |
MBN (mg·kg−1) | SAK (mg·kg−1) | MBP (mg·kg−1) | Dissolved Organic Carbon (g·kg−1) | LFOC (g·kg−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
p | 0.0002 | 0.0009 | 0.0002 | 0.0006 | 0.0002 |
Mean | 8.129 | 169.6 | 6.352 | 0.182 | 5.892 |
HFOC (g·kg−1) | β-G (nmol·g−1·h−1) | NAG (nmol·g−1·h−1) | Soil pH | GY (exp (kg·hm−2)) | |
p | 0.0003 | 0.0013 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
Mean | 4.909 | 20.729 | 10.813 | 7.748 | 8.104 |
A | AI | CPI | CPMI | CPSI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0.609 ab | 1.000 ab | 1.000 b | 100.000 a | 2.938 a |
FP | 0.704 a | 1.158 a | 1.092 b | 126.454 a | 1.939 b |
OF | 0.529 ab | 0.873 b | 1.231 a | 107.466 a | 2.219 b |
OFM | 0.499 b | 0.829 b | 1.342 a | 111.252 a | 2.102 b |
OFB | 0.609 ab | 0.992 ab | 1.121 a | 111.203 a | 2.172 b |
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Yang, L.; Hu, X.; Chang, Z.; Song, H.; Li, T.; Li, L. The Effects of Various Long-Term Fertilizer Applications on Soil Carbon Fractions in a Winter Wheat Monoculture Area. Agronomy 2024, 14, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010082
Yang L, Hu X, Chang Z, Song H, Li T, Li L. The Effects of Various Long-Term Fertilizer Applications on Soil Carbon Fractions in a Winter Wheat Monoculture Area. Agronomy. 2024; 14(1):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010082
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Lifan, Xuan Hu, Zixuan Chang, Hongmei Song, Tingliang Li, and Li Li. 2024. "The Effects of Various Long-Term Fertilizer Applications on Soil Carbon Fractions in a Winter Wheat Monoculture Area" Agronomy 14, no. 1: 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010082