Simulations of the Soil Evaporation and Crop Transpiration Beneath a Maize Crop Canopy in a Humid Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measurement Field
2.2. Measurements and Variations of Meteorological Factors in Maize Growing Periods
2.3. APSIM Model
2.3.1. Es Model in APSIM
2.3.2. Tc Model in APSIM
2.4. Methods for Parameters Tuning and Model Evaluation
2.4.1. Parameters Calibration of Es
2.4.2. Determination of Stemflow
2.4.3. Methods of Model Evaluation
3. Results
3.1. Simulated and Observed Es from Maize
3.1.1. Es Variation in the Maize Growth Periods
3.1.2. Comparison of Simulated and Observed Es
3.2. Simulated and Observed Tc from Maize
3.2.1. Tc Variation in the Maize Growth Periods
3.2.2. Comparison of Simulated and Observed Tc
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Depth (cm) | Air Dry (mm/mm) | DUL (mm/mm) | LL15 (mm/mm) | SAT (mm/mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0~5 | 0.038 | 0.221 | 0/119 | 0.300 |
5~15 | 0.136 | 0.250 | 0.136 | 0.300 |
15~25 | 0.150 | 0.268 | 0.160 | 0.322 |
25~40 | 0.158 | 0.274 | 0.167 | 0.311 |
Sub-Models | R2 | D | p-Value | RMSEs (mm/d) | RMSEu (mm/d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Es | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.000 | 0.0783 | 0.4435 |
Tc | 0.74 | 0.88 | 0.000 | 1.2261 | 1.4197 |
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Guo, T.; Liu, C.; **ang, Y.; Zhang, P.; Wang, R. Simulations of the Soil Evaporation and Crop Transpiration Beneath a Maize Crop Canopy in a Humid Area. Water 2021, 13, 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141975
Guo T, Liu C, **ang Y, Zhang P, Wang R. Simulations of the Soil Evaporation and Crop Transpiration Beneath a Maize Crop Canopy in a Humid Area. Water. 2021; 13(14):1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141975
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Tianting, Chunwei Liu, Ying **ang, Pei Zhang, and Ranghui Wang. 2021. "Simulations of the Soil Evaporation and Crop Transpiration Beneath a Maize Crop Canopy in a Humid Area" Water 13, no. 14: 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141975