Critical Factors Affecting the Promotion of Emerging Information Technology in Prefabricated Building Projects: A Hybrid Evaluation Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. EIT in PBPs
2.2. Technology–Organization–Environment Framework
2.3. Critical Challenges of EIT Promotion in PBPs
3. Methodology
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Process Based on DEMATEL-ISM Method
- Determine the influencing factors of EIT adoption and promotion in PBPs. X represents the set of factors, and the factors are labeled as x1, x2,…, xn;
- Determine the direct influence matrix A. The semi-structured interview method was used to compare the influence of xi on xj and its degree of influence (0–4). The comparison of the factor with itself is considered to have no effect; that is, the value of the diagonal in the direct influence matrix is 0. Therefore, the matrix A is shown in Equation (1):
- 3.
- Calculate the normalized direct relation matrix B through the method of the largest sum of rows. In other words, summing each row of matrix A, and normalizing the values in matrix A according to the rows’ maximum value to obtain normative influence matrix B, whose expression is shown in Equation (2):
- 4.
- Calculate the comprehensive influence matrix T. Matrix T represents the comprehensive effect of the direct and indirect influences between the influencing factors. When the matrix B conducts successive self-multiplication, all the values of the matrix will approach 0, that is, limBk = 0. Its expression is shown in Equation (3):
- 5.
- Calculate the influencing degree, influenced degree, centrality, and causality of the factors. The influencing degree refers to the sum of the values of each row in the comprehensive influence matrix, which represents the comprehensive influence value of factor xi on all other factors, denoted as Ci. The influenced degree refers to the sum of the values of each column in matrix T, which means that xi receives the comprehensive influence of all other factors, which is denoted as Di. The centrality of xi (Mi) is the sum of its influencing and influenced degree, while the cause degree of xi (Ni) is the difference between its influencing and influenced degree. If Ni is greater than 0, then xi is the cause factor; otherwise, xi is the effect factor. The above calculation equation is shown in (4)–(7):
- 6.
- Determine the overall influence matrix E. The matrix E is composed of the matrix T plus the identity matrix I. Its expression is shown in Equation (8):
- 7.
- Determine the reachability matrix K. When calculating the reachability matrix, a threshold λ needs to be introduced to eliminate the relationship between factors with less influence and facilitate the division of the structural hierarchy.
- 8.
- Construct a multi-level ISM model. The hierarchical division needs to determine the antecedent set (F(xi)), reachable set (R(xi)), and common set (Q(xi)), which can be divided by Equations (11)–(13). If Q(xi) = R(xi), then factor xi belongs to the first level; and repeating Equations (11)–(13) can perform the hierarchical division for all factors:
4. Results and Analysis
4.1. Result Analysis of DEMATEL
4.2. Result Analysis of ISM
5. Discussion and Recommendations
5.1. Discussion
5.2. Recommendations for Future Research
6. Conclusions
- Through the DEMATEL analysis, 20 influencing factors were divided into 6 cause factors and 14 effect factors. The evaluation results show that most of the cause factors belong to the environmental dimension, indicating that environmental factors have a significant influencing degree and can drive the adoption and promotion of EIT in BPBs. Although O1, O6, and O7 belong to the effect factors, they have a high influencing degree, influenced degree, and centrality at the same time, reflecting that the enterprises in PBPs are profit-oriented, and their decision-making power is in the hands of top managers;
- The ISM was used to develop the multilevel hierarchical model of 20 influencing factors, including direct factors (Level 1), middle factors (Level 2–4), and fundamental factors (Level 5), and to provide influence paths that promote EIT adoption and promotion. With the information provided by the model, researchers and industry practitioners can make targeted solutions to promote EIT in PBPs in actual projects.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Code | Factors | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Technological | TE1 | Integrating the workflows in PBPs | [11,48] |
TE2 | Matching the workflows in PBPs | [11,46,49] | |
TE3 | Complexity of EIT Implementation | [44,50,51,52] | |
TE4 | Maturity of EIT | [9,19,39,43,53] | |
TE5 | Standardization level of EIT | [9,19,45,54] | |
TE6 | Interoperability between EITs | [12,34,55,56] | |
TE7 | Continual updating of EIT | [10,12] | |
TE8 | Ensure the security of information | [10,34,57] | |
Organizational | OR1 | Attitudes of top management towards EIT | [11,19,44,58] |
OR2 | Organizational structure to support EIT | [19,47,49] | |
OR3 | EIT training programs | [45,59,60] | |
OR4 | Acquire professional knowledge and talents related to EIT | [12,46,61] | |
OR5 | Change-resistant attitudes in PBPs | [53,62] | |
OR6 | The cost of applying, training, updating and development EIT | [9,10,19,39,44,53] | |
OR7 | The benefit of adopting EIT | [9,19,53] | |
Environmental | EN1 | Pressure on competitors to adopt EIT in PBPs | [11,39,43,53] |
EN2 | Customer demand for EIT in PBPs | [11,43,44] | |
EN3 | Pressure on partners to adopt EIT in PBPs | [9,11,43] | |
EN4 | EIT-related national policy requirements | [12,19,43,53] | |
EN5 | The need for EIT in PBPs | [11,39,43] |
Categories | Respondent Types | Number of Respondents | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Occupation type | Designers | 2 | 33.3% |
Manufacturers | 1 | 16.7% | |
Contractors | 1 | 16.7% | |
Research units | 2 | 33.3% | |
Educational background | Ph.D. | 2 | 33.3% |
Master’s degree | 1 | 16.7% | |
Undergraduate or below | 3 | 50% | |
Years of experience in EIT | 6–10 | 1 | 16.7% |
3–5 | 3 | 50% | |
<3 | 2 | 33.3% |
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | O1 | O2 | O3 | O4 | O5 | O6 | O7 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
T2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
T3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
T4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
T5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
T6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
T7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
T8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
O1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
O2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
O3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
O4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
O5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
O6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
O7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
E1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
E2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
E3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
E4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
E5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | O1 | O2 | O3 | O4 | O5 | O6 | O7 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 |
T2 | 0.067 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.017 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 |
T3 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.017 | 0.033 |
T4 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
T5 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.017 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
T6 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
T7 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
T8 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 |
O1 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
O2 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.067 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
O3 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
O4 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
O5 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 |
O6 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.000 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
O7 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 |
E1 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
E2 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.050 |
E3 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 0.033 |
E4 | 0.033 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.067 |
E5 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.067 | 0.000 |
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | O1 | O2 | O3 | O4 | O5 | O6 | O7 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.224 | 0.290 | 0.235 | 0.293 | 0.306 | 0.274 | 0.248 | 0.243 | 0.291 | 0.279 | 0.266 | 0.278 | 0.262 | 0.278 | 0.287 | 0.206 | 0.220 | 0.217 | 0.211 | 0.242 |
T2 | 0.292 | 0.233 | 0.240 | 0.299 | 0.296 | 0.279 | 0.253 | 0.248 | 0.296 | 0.284 | 0.286 | 0.299 | 0.267 | 0.283 | 0.293 | 0.196 | 0.225 | 0.221 | 0.230 | 0.247 |
T3 | 0.269 | 0.272 | 0.201 | 0.306 | 0.288 | 0.287 | 0.261 | 0.241 | 0.272 | 0.260 | 0.278 | 0.291 | 0.258 | 0.275 | 0.284 | 0.205 | 0.218 | 0.215 | 0.193 | 0.224 |
T4 | 0.266 | 0.269 | 0.230 | 0.239 | 0.285 | 0.268 | 0.258 | 0.254 | 0.284 | 0.273 | 0.260 | 0.287 | 0.241 | 0.272 | 0.266 | 0.202 | 0.231 | 0.213 | 0.206 | 0.222 |
T5 | 0.263 | 0.266 | 0.242 | 0.284 | 0.233 | 0.265 | 0.254 | 0.234 | 0.280 | 0.269 | 0.271 | 0.283 | 0.237 | 0.253 | 0.277 | 0.184 | 0.212 | 0.209 | 0.203 | 0.218 |
T6 | 0.261 | 0.265 | 0.227 | 0.282 | 0.279 | 0.216 | 0.254 | 0.249 | 0.279 | 0.253 | 0.270 | 0.282 | 0.237 | 0.252 | 0.276 | 0.199 | 0.212 | 0.209 | 0.203 | 0.218 |
T7 | 0.237 | 0.240 | 0.234 | 0.273 | 0.270 | 0.255 | 0.198 | 0.241 | 0.270 | 0.244 | 0.246 | 0.273 | 0.228 | 0.258 | 0.251 | 0.192 | 0.205 | 0.202 | 0.195 | 0.210 |
T8 | 0.246 | 0.249 | 0.243 | 0.283 | 0.280 | 0.249 | 0.255 | 0.202 | 0.280 | 0.269 | 0.271 | 0.283 | 0.237 | 0.253 | 0.261 | 0.199 | 0.228 | 0.210 | 0.203 | 0.233 |
O1 | 0.291 | 0.294 | 0.253 | 0.315 | 0.312 | 0.293 | 0.282 | 0.277 | 0.264 | 0.314 | 0.302 | 0.315 | 0.280 | 0.298 | 0.323 | 0.222 | 0.252 | 0.249 | 0.226 | 0.244 |
O2 | 0.276 | 0.279 | 0.239 | 0.298 | 0.310 | 0.263 | 0.252 | 0.247 | 0.310 | 0.236 | 0.286 | 0.298 | 0.266 | 0.283 | 0.307 | 0.210 | 0.224 | 0.221 | 0.214 | 0.230 |
O3 | 0.258 | 0.261 | 0.238 | 0.278 | 0.275 | 0.245 | 0.235 | 0.230 | 0.260 | 0.264 | 0.219 | 0.278 | 0.233 | 0.264 | 0.272 | 0.196 | 0.208 | 0.206 | 0.199 | 0.215 |
O4 | 0.266 | 0.269 | 0.230 | 0.287 | 0.284 | 0.268 | 0.243 | 0.238 | 0.284 | 0.273 | 0.275 | 0.240 | 0.241 | 0.272 | 0.281 | 0.218 | 0.215 | 0.213 | 0.206 | 0.221 |
O5 | 0.251 | 0.255 | 0.247 | 0.289 | 0.285 | 0.269 | 0.244 | 0.239 | 0.285 | 0.274 | 0.277 | 0.288 | 0.209 | 0.273 | 0.282 | 0.204 | 0.216 | 0.214 | 0.222 | 0.222 |
O6 | 0.279 | 0.282 | 0.242 | 0.301 | 0.298 | 0.281 | 0.271 | 0.266 | 0.298 | 0.286 | 0.289 | 0.302 | 0.253 | 0.238 | 0.309 | 0.228 | 0.226 | 0.223 | 0.216 | 0.233 |
O7 | 0.305 | 0.308 | 0.281 | 0.330 | 0.311 | 0.307 | 0.295 | 0.290 | 0.341 | 0.313 | 0.331 | 0.345 | 0.293 | 0.327 | 0.275 | 0.249 | 0.263 | 0.245 | 0.237 | 0.270 |
E1 | 0.226 | 0.229 | 0.210 | 0.246 | 0.243 | 0.229 | 0.235 | 0.231 | 0.243 | 0.233 | 0.251 | 0.261 | 0.234 | 0.232 | 0.240 | 0.152 | 0.195 | 0.209 | 0.188 | 0.201 |
E2 | 0.267 | 0.270 | 0.261 | 0.306 | 0.302 | 0.269 | 0.274 | 0.285 | 0.302 | 0.290 | 0.293 | 0.306 | 0.272 | 0.289 | 0.298 | 0.216 | 0.197 | 0.242 | 0.219 | 0.251 |
E3 | 0.199 | 0.201 | 0.184 | 0.216 | 0.213 | 0.201 | 0.193 | 0.189 | 0.213 | 0.204 | 0.206 | 0.215 | 0.207 | 0.204 | 0.210 | 0.147 | 0.157 | 0.138 | 0.165 | 0.177 |
E4 | 0.293 | 0.312 | 0.285 | 0.350 | 0.331 | 0.312 | 0.300 | 0.295 | 0.346 | 0.317 | 0.320 | 0.335 | 0.298 | 0.316 | 0.327 | 0.252 | 0.268 | 0.265 | 0.209 | 0.290 |
E5 | 0.312 | 0.316 | 0.289 | 0.339 | 0.335 | 0.316 | 0.303 | 0.298 | 0.335 | 0.321 | 0.324 | 0.354 | 0.317 | 0.320 | 0.331 | 0.255 | 0.270 | 0.267 | 0.275 | 0.231 |
Factors | Influencing Degree | Influenced Degree | Centrality | Causality |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 3.294 | 3.243 | 6.537 | 0.050 |
T2 | 3.301 | 3.237 | 6.539 | 0.064 |
T3 | 3.383 | 2.797 | 6.179 | 0.586 |
T4 | 3.215 | 3.650 | 6.865 | −0.434 |
T5 | 3.016 | 3.601 | 6.618 | −0.585 |
T6 | 3.340 | 3.464 | 6.804 | −0.125 |
T7 | 3.062 | 3.266 | 6.329 | −0.204 |
T8 | 3.128 | 3.121 | 6.249 | 0.006 |
O1 | 3.314 | 3.924 | 7.239 | −0.610 |
O2 | 3.334 | 3.742 | 7.076 | −0.407 |
O3 | 2.957 | 3.729 | 6.686 | −0.772 |
O4 | 3.329 | 3.715 | 7.045 | −0.386 |
O5 | 3.233 | 3.373 | 6.606 | −0.140 |
O6 | 3.585 | 3.681 | 7.266 | −0.097 |
O7 | 3.603 | 3.617 | 7.220 | −0.014 |
E1 | 2.894 | 2.677 | 5.571 | 0.216 |
E2 | 3.404 | 2.739 | 6.143 | 0.665 |
E3 | 2.288 | 2.589 | 4.877 | −0.301 |
E4 | 4.181 | 2.622 | 6.804 | 1.559 |
E5 | 3.918 | 2.991 | 6.910 | 0.927 |
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | O1 | O2 | O3 | O4 | O5 | O6 | O7 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1.224 | 0.290 | 0.235 | 0.293 | 0.306 | 0.274 | 0.248 | 0.243 | 0.291 | 0.279 | 0.266 | 0.278 | 0.262 | 0.278 | 0.287 | 0.206 | 0.220 | 0.217 | 0.211 | 0.242 |
T2 | 0.292 | 1.233 | 0.240 | 0.299 | 0.296 | 0.279 | 0.253 | 0.248 | 0.296 | 0.284 | 0.286 | 0.299 | 0.267 | 0.283 | 0.293 | 0.196 | 0.225 | 0.221 | 0.230 | 0.247 |
T3 | 0.269 | 0.272 | 1.201 | 0.306 | 0.288 | 0.287 | 0.261 | 0.241 | 0.272 | 0.260 | 0.278 | 0.291 | 0.258 | 0.275 | 0.284 | 0.205 | 0.218 | 0.215 | 0.193 | 0.224 |
T4 | 0.266 | 0.269 | 0.230 | 1.239 | 0.285 | 0.268 | 0.258 | 0.254 | 0.284 | 0.273 | 0.260 | 0.287 | 0.241 | 0.272 | 0.266 | 0.202 | 0.231 | 0.213 | 0.206 | 0.222 |
T5 | 0.263 | 0.266 | 0.242 | 0.284 | 1.233 | 0.265 | 0.254 | 0.234 | 0.280 | 0.269 | 0.271 | 0.283 | 0.237 | 0.253 | 0.277 | 0.184 | 0.212 | 0.209 | 0.203 | 0.218 |
T6 | 0.261 | 0.265 | 0.227 | 0.282 | 0.279 | 1.216 | 0.254 | 0.249 | 0.279 | 0.253 | 0.270 | 0.282 | 0.237 | 0.252 | 0.276 | 0.199 | 0.212 | 0.209 | 0.203 | 0.218 |
T7 | 0.237 | 0.240 | 0.234 | 0.273 | 0.270 | 0.255 | 1.198 | 0.241 | 0.270 | 0.244 | 0.246 | 0.273 | 0.228 | 0.258 | 0.251 | 0.192 | 0.205 | 0.202 | 0.195 | 0.210 |
T8 | 0.246 | 0.249 | 0.243 | 0.283 | 0.280 | 0.249 | 0.255 | 1.202 | 0.280 | 0.269 | 0.271 | 0.283 | 0.237 | 0.253 | 0.261 | 0.199 | 0.228 | 0.210 | 0.203 | 0.233 |
O1 | 0.291 | 0.294 | 0.253 | 0.315 | 0.312 | 0.293 | 0.282 | 0.277 | 1.264 | 0.314 | 0.302 | 0.315 | 0.280 | 0.298 | 0.323 | 0.222 | 0.252 | 0.249 | 0.226 | 0.244 |
O2 | 0.276 | 0.279 | 0.239 | 0.298 | 0.310 | 0.263 | 0.252 | 0.247 | 0.310 | 1.236 | 0.286 | 0.298 | 0.266 | 0.283 | 0.307 | 0.210 | 0.224 | 0.221 | 0.214 | 0.230 |
O3 | 0.258 | 0.261 | 0.238 | 0.278 | 0.275 | 0.245 | 0.235 | 0.230 | 0.260 | 0.264 | 1.219 | 0.278 | 0.233 | 0.264 | 0.272 | 0.196 | 0.208 | 0.206 | 0.199 | 0.215 |
O4 | 0.266 | 0.269 | 0.230 | 0.287 | 0.284 | 0.268 | 0.243 | 0.238 | 0.284 | 0.273 | 0.275 | 1.240 | 0.241 | 0.272 | 0.281 | 0.218 | 0.215 | 0.213 | 0.206 | 0.221 |
O5 | 0.251 | 0.255 | 0.247 | 0.289 | 0.285 | 0.269 | 0.244 | 0.239 | 0.285 | 0.274 | 0.277 | 0.288 | 1.209 | 0.273 | 0.282 | 0.204 | 0.216 | 0.214 | 0.222 | 0.222 |
O6 | 0.279 | 0.282 | 0.242 | 0.301 | 0.298 | 0.281 | 0.271 | 0.266 | 0.298 | 0.286 | 0.289 | 0.302 | 0.253 | 1.238 | 0.309 | 0.228 | 0.226 | 0.223 | 0.216 | 0.233 |
O7 | 0.305 | 0.308 | 0.281 | 0.330 | 0.311 | 0.307 | 0.295 | 0.290 | 0.341 | 0.313 | 0.331 | 0.345 | 0.293 | 0.327 | 1.275 | 0.249 | 0.263 | 0.245 | 0.237 | 0.270 |
E1 | 0.226 | 0.229 | 0.210 | 0.246 | 0.243 | 0.229 | 0.235 | 0.231 | 0.243 | 0.233 | 0.251 | 0.261 | 0.234 | 0.232 | 0.240 | 1.152 | 0.195 | 0.209 | 0.188 | 0.201 |
E2 | 0.267 | 0.270 | 0.261 | 0.306 | 0.302 | 0.269 | 0.274 | 0.285 | 0.302 | 0.290 | 0.293 | 0.306 | 0.272 | 0.289 | 0.298 | 0.216 | 1.197 | 0.242 | 0.219 | 0.251 |
E3 | 0.199 | 0.201 | 0.184 | 0.216 | 0.213 | 0.201 | 0.193 | 0.189 | 0.213 | 0.204 | 0.206 | 0.215 | 0.207 | 0.204 | 0.210 | 0.147 | 0.157 | 1.138 | 0.165 | 0.177 |
E4 | 0.293 | 0.312 | 0.285 | 0.350 | 0.331 | 0.312 | 0.300 | 0.295 | 0.346 | 0.317 | 0.320 | 0.335 | 0.298 | 0.316 | 0.327 | 0.252 | 0.268 | 0.265 | 1.209 | 0.290 |
E5 | 0.312 | 0.316 | 0.289 | 0.339 | 0.335 | 0.316 | 0.303 | 0.298 | 0.335 | 0.321 | 0.324 | 0.354 | 0.317 | 0.320 | 0.331 | 0.255 | 0.270 | 0.267 | 0.275 | 1.231 |
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | O1 | O2 | O3 | O4 | O5 | O6 | O7 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
T8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
O7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
E1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
E2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
E3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
E4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
E5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Factors | Reachable Set R (xi) | Antecedent Set F (xi) | Common Set Q (xi) | Hierarchy |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | 5 |
T2 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | T1,T2, T3, T4, T5,T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6,O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | 5 |
T3 | T1, T2, T3, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | T3, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T3,O7 | 5 |
T4 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | 1 |
T5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O7 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O7 | 1 |
T6 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O3, O4, O7 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O3, O4, O7 | 2 |
T7 | T4, T5, T7, O1, O4, O6 | T4, T7, O1, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | O1, T4, O6, T7 | 2 |
T8 | T4, T5, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O7 | T3, T8, O1, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T8, O1, O7 | 4 |
O1 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | 1 |
O2 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | 3 |
O3 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | 2 |
O4 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E1, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | 1 |
O5 | T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T3, O1, O2, O5, O7, E2, E4, E5 | O1, O2, O5, O7 | 4 |
O6 | T1, T2, T4, T5, T6, T7, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T7, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T4, T7, O1, O2, O3, O4, O6, O7 | 3 |
O7 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E5 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E4, E5 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E5 | 3 |
E1 | O4, E1 | E1 | E1 | 2 |
E2 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2 | O7, E2, E4, E5 | E2, O7 | 5 |
E3 | E3 | E3, E4, E5 | E3 | 1 |
E4 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E3, E4, E5 | E4, E5 | E4, E5 | 6 |
E5 | T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, O1, O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7, E2, E3, E4, E5 | O7, E4, E5 | E4, E5, O7 | 6 |
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Luan, H.; Li, L.; Jiang, P.; Zhou, J. Critical Factors Affecting the Promotion of Emerging Information Technology in Prefabricated Building Projects: A Hybrid Evaluation Model. Buildings 2022, 12, 1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101577
Luan H, Li L, Jiang P, Zhou J. Critical Factors Affecting the Promotion of Emerging Information Technology in Prefabricated Building Projects: A Hybrid Evaluation Model. Buildings. 2022; 12(10):1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101577
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuan, Haiying, Long Li, Peng Jiang, and Jian Zhou. 2022. "Critical Factors Affecting the Promotion of Emerging Information Technology in Prefabricated Building Projects: A Hybrid Evaluation Model" Buildings 12, no. 10: 1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101577