Nanocomposites of Carbon Quantum Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots: Environmental Applications as Sensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. CQDs and GQDs
3. Difference between CQDs and GQDs
4. Synthesis of CQDs, GQDs and Their Nanocomposites
4.1. Top-Down Methods for the Synthesis of CQDs and Their Nanocomposites
4.2. Bottom-Up Methods for Thesynthesis of CQDs and Their Nanocomposites
4.3. Top-Down Methods for Synthesis of GQDs and Their Nanocomposites
4.4. Bottom-Up Method for Synthesis of GQDs and Their Nanocomposites
4.5. Synthesis of CQDs, GQDs, and Their Nanocomposites from Natural Products
5. Sensing Applications
5.1. CQDs and Their Nanocomposites as Sensing Platforms
5.2. GQDs and Their Nanocomposites as Sensing Platforms
5.3. Mechanism of Sensing
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sr. No. | Sensing Platform | Analyte Detected | LOD | Detection Range | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cu-CQD | Fe3+ | 1 nM | 0.001–200 μM | [183] |
2 | Tb-CQD | Hg2+ | 168.8 ppb | 0.2–0.8 ppm | [99] |
3 | Ag-CQD | Hg2+ | 85 nM | 0.5–50 μM | [184] |
4 | L-Tryptophan-CQD | Hg2+ | 11 nM | _ | [102] |
5 | N-CQD-Tb | Hg2+ | 37 nM | 1–161.51 μM | [185] |
6 | CuNCs-CNQDs | Pb2+ | 0.0031 mg/L | 0.01–2.5 mg/L | [92] |
7 | NGQD | Hg2+ | 2.5 nM | 2.5–800 μM | [211] |
8 | N-GQD | Hg2+ | 0.45 nM | 1–1000 nM | [212] |
9 | CS-GQD/Bi modified GCE | Zn2+ | 8.84 μg/L | 50–450 μg/L | [146] |
Cd2+ | 1.99 μg/L | ||||
Pb2+ | 3.10 μg/L | ||||
10 | PEI-GQD | Fe3+, Cu2+ | 40 mg/L | 0–1 μM | [214] |
Sr. No. | Sensing Platform | Analyte | LOD | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | CQDs | Diazinon, glyphosate, and amicarbazone | 0.25, 0.5 and 2 ng/mL | [190] |
2. | CQDs | Diazinon | 0.038 ± 0.01 µM | [191] |
3. | CuS/CQDs/g-C3N4 | Diazinon | 2.2 × 10−6 M | [192] |
4. | N,P-CQDs/Au NPs | Carbendazim | 0.002 µM | [193] |
5. | MoS2-GQDs | 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid | 5.5 pmol/L | [194] |
6. | CQDs | pentachlorophenol | 1.3 × 10−12 g/L | [196] |
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Kaur, A.; Pandey, K.; Kaur, R.; Vashishat, N.; Kaur, M. Nanocomposites of Carbon Quantum Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots: Environmental Applications as Sensors. Chemosensors 2022, 10, 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090367
Kaur A, Pandey K, Kaur R, Vashishat N, Kaur M. Nanocomposites of Carbon Quantum Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots: Environmental Applications as Sensors. Chemosensors. 2022; 10(9):367. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090367
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaur, Ajaypal, Komal Pandey, Ramandeep Kaur, Nisha Vashishat, and Manpreet Kaur. 2022. "Nanocomposites of Carbon Quantum Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots: Environmental Applications as Sensors" Chemosensors 10, no. 9: 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090367