Journal Description
Chemosensors
Chemosensors
is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science and technology of chemical sensors and related analytical methods and systems, published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Instruments and Instrumentation) / CiteScore - Q2 (Analytical Chemistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
3.7 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.7 (2023)
Latest Articles
Study on the Characterization and Degradation Pattern of Circular RNA Vaccines Using an HPLC Method
Chemosensors 2024, 12(7), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070120 (registering DOI) - 1 Jul 2024
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines have attracted increasing attention due to their stable closed-loop structures and persistent protein expression ability. During the synthesis process, nicked circRNAs with similar molecular weights to those of circRNAs are generated. Analytical techniques based on differences in molecular weight,
[...] Read more.
Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines have attracted increasing attention due to their stable closed-loop structures and persistent protein expression ability. During the synthesis process, nicked circRNAs with similar molecular weights to those of circRNAs are generated. Analytical techniques based on differences in molecular weight, such as capillary electrophoresis, struggle to distinguish between circRNAs and nicked circRNAs. The characteristic degradation products of circRNAs and their biological activities remain unclear. Therefore, develo** methods to identify target circRNAs and non-target components and investigating degradation patterns will be beneficial to gaining an in-depth understanding of the properties and quality control of circRNAs vaccines. The reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was established for identification of target circRNAs, product-related substances, and impurities. Subsequently, we investigated the degradation patterns of circRNAs under thermal acceleration conditions and performed biological analysis of degradation products and linear precursors. Here, RP-HPLC method effectively identified circRNAs and nicked circRNAs. With thermal acceleration, circRNAs exhibited a “circular→nicked circRNAs→degradation products” degradation pattern. Biological analysis revealed that the immunogenicity of degradation products significantly decreased, whereas linear precursors did not possess immunogenicity. Thus, our established RP-HPLC method can be used for purity analysis of circRNA vaccines, which contributes to the quality control of circRNA vaccines and promoting the development of circRNA technology.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessArticle
Microflow Injection System for Efficient Cu(II) Detection across a Broad Range
by
David Ricart, Antonio David Dorado, Conxita Lao-Luque and Mireia Baeza
Chemosensors 2024, 12(7), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070119 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
In this study, a modular, multi-step, photometric microflow injection analysis (micro-FIA) system for the automatic determination of Cu(II) in a bioreactor was developed. The system incorporates diverse 3D-printed modules, including a platform formed by a mixer module to mix Cu(II) with hydroxylamine, which
[...] Read more.
In this study, a modular, multi-step, photometric microflow injection analysis (micro-FIA) system for the automatic determination of Cu(II) in a bioreactor was developed. The system incorporates diverse 3D-printed modules, including a platform formed by a mixer module to mix Cu(II) with hydroxylamine, which reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I) linked to a diluter module via a Tesla valve, a chelation mixer module, a disperser module, and a detector module provided by an LED light source at λ = 455 nm and a light dependence resistor (LDR) as a light intensity detector. The system measures the color intensity resulting from the chelation between Cu(I) and neocuproine. The micro-FIA system demonstrated good capability for automatic and continuous Cu(II) determination, in a wide range of Cu concentrations, from 34 to 2000 mg L−1. The device exhibits a good repeatability (coefficient of variation below 2% across the measured concentration range), good reproducibility, and has an accuracy of around 100% between 600 and 1900 mg L−1. Real samples were analyzed using both the micro-FIA system and an atomic absorption spectroscopy method, revealing no statistically significant differences. Additionally, a Tesla valve located before the detector substituted a 3-way solenoid valve, eliminating the need for moving parts.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidic Device Based Chemical and Biochemical Sensors)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00119/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00119-g001-550.jpg?1719655604)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Shungite Paste Electrodes: Basic Characterization and Initial Examples of Applicability in Electroanalysis
by
Michaela Bártová, Martin Bartoš, Ivan Švancara and Milan Sýs
Chemosensors 2024, 12(7), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070118 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
This article introduces a new type of carbon paste electrode prepared from black raw shungite. In powdered form, this carbonaceous material was mixed with several nonpolar binders. The resulting shungite pastes were microscopically and electrochemically characterized. Mixtures of several pasting liquids with different
[...] Read more.
This article introduces a new type of carbon paste electrode prepared from black raw shungite. In powdered form, this carbonaceous material was mixed with several nonpolar binders. The resulting shungite pastes were microscopically and electrochemically characterized. Mixtures of several pasting liquids with different contents of shungite powder were tested to select the optimal composition and compared with other types of carbon paste-based electrodes made of graphite and glassy carbon powder. In terms of physical and mechanical properties, shungite paste electrodes (ShPEs) formed a composite mass being like dense pastes from glassy carbon microspheres, having harder consistency than that of traditional graphitic carbon pastes. The respective electrochemical measurements with ShPEs were based on cyclic voltammetry of ferri-/ferro-cyanide redox pairs, allowing us to evaluate some typical parameters such as electrochemically active surface area, double-layer capacitance, potential range in the working media given, heterogeneous rate constant, charge-transfer coefficient, exchange current density, and open-circuit potential. The whole study with ShPEs was then completed with three different examples of possible electroanalytical applications, confirming that the carbon paste-like configuration with powdered shungite represents an environmentally friendly (green) and low-cost electrode material with good stability in mixed aqueous-organic mixtures, and hence with interesting prospects in electroanalysis of biologically active organic compounds. It seems that similar analytical parameters of the already established variants of carbon paste electrodes can also be expected for their shungite analogues.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Sensing)
Open AccessArticle
Electronic Nose and GC-MS Analysis to Detect Mango Twig Tip Dieback in Mango (Mangifera indica) and Panama Disease (TR4) in Banana (Musa acuminata)
by
Wathsala Ratnayake, Stanley E. Bellgard, Hao Wang and Vinuthaa Murthy
Chemosensors 2024, 12(7), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070117 - 24 Jun 2024
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as a biological element released from plants, have been correlated with disease status. Although analysis of VOCs using GC-MS is a routine procedure, it has limitations, including being time-consuming, laboratory-based, and requiring specialist training. Electronic nose devices (E-nose) provide
[...] Read more.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as a biological element released from plants, have been correlated with disease status. Although analysis of VOCs using GC-MS is a routine procedure, it has limitations, including being time-consuming, laboratory-based, and requiring specialist training. Electronic nose devices (E-nose) provide a portable and rapid alternative. This is the first pilot study exploring three types of commercially available E-nose to assess how accurately they could detect mango twig tip dieback and Panama disease in bananas. The devices were initially trained and validated on known volatiles, then pure cultures of Pantoea sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Fusarium odoratissimum, and finally, on infected and healthy mango leaves and field-collected, infected banana pseudo-stems. The experiments were repeated three times with six replicates for each host-pathogen pair. The variation between healthy and infected host materials was evaluated using inbuilt data analysis methods, mainly by principal component analysis (PCA) and cross-validation. GC-MS analysis was conducted contemporaneously and identified an 80% similarity between healthy and infected plant material. The portable C 320 was 100% successful in discriminating known volatiles but had a low capability in differentiating healthy and infected plant substrates. The advanced devices (PEN 3/MSEM 160) successfully detected healthy and diseased samples with a high variance. The results suggest that E-noses are more sensitive and accurate in detecting changes of VOCs between healthy and infected plants compared to headspace GC-MS. The study was conducted in controlled laboratory conditions, as E-noses are highly sensitive to surrounding volatiles.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Second Edition of GC, MS and GC-MS Analytical Methods: Opportunities and Challenges)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00117/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00117-g001-550.jpg?1719222176)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
First Direct Gravimetric Detection of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) Water Contaminants, Combination with Electrical Measurements on the Same Device—Proof of Concepts
by
George R. Ivanov, Tony Venelinov, Yordan G. Marinov, Georgi B. Hadjichristov, Andreas Terfort, Melinda David, Monica Florescu and Selcan Karakuş
Chemosensors 2024, 12(7), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070116 - 22 Jun 2024
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pollutants of concern due to their long-term persistence in the environment and human health effects. Among them, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is very ubiquitous and dangerous for health. Currently, the detection levels required by the legislation can
[...] Read more.
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pollutants of concern due to their long-term persistence in the environment and human health effects. Among them, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is very ubiquitous and dangerous for health. Currently, the detection levels required by the legislation can be achieved only with expensive laboratory equipment. Hence, there is a need for portable, in-field, and possibly real-time detection. Optical and electrochemical transduction mechanisms are mainly used for the chemical sensors. Here, we report the first gravimetric detection of small-sized molecules like PFOS (MW 500) dissolved in water. A 100 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measured at the third harmonic and an even more sensitive 434 MHz two-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator with gold electrodes were used as transducers. The PFOS selective sensing layer was prepared from the metal organic framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr). Its nano-sized thickness and structure were optimized using the discreet Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film deposition method. This is the first time that LB multilayers from bulk MOFs have been prepared. The measured frequency downshifts of around 220 kHz per 1 µmol/L of PFOS, a SAW resonator-loaded QL-factor above 2000, and reaction times in the minutes' range are highly promising for an in-field sensor reaching the water safety directives. Additionally, we use the micrometer-sized interdigitated electrodes of the SAW resonator to strongly enhance the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the PFOS contamination. Thus, for the first time, we combine the ultra-sensitive gravimetry of small molecules in a water environment with electrical measurements on a single device. This combination provides additional sensor selectivity. Control tests against a bare resonator and two similar compounds prove the concept’s viability. All measurements were performed with pocket-sized tablet-powered devices, thus making the system highly portable and field-deployable. While here we focus on one of the emerging water contaminants, this concept with a different selective coating can be used for other new contaminants.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemical Sensors and Analytical Methods for Environmental Monitoring)
Open AccessArticle
Sensor Selection for an Electronic Tongue for the Rapid Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins: A Case Study
by
Mariana Raposo, Maria Teresa S. R. Gomes, Sara T. Costa, Maria João Botelho and Alisa Rudnitskaya
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060115 - 19 Jun 2024
Abstract
The performance of an electronic tongue can be optimized by varying the number and types of sensors in the array and by employing data-processing methods. Sensor selection is typically performed empirically, with sensors picked up either by analyzing their characteristics or through trial
[...] Read more.
The performance of an electronic tongue can be optimized by varying the number and types of sensors in the array and by employing data-processing methods. Sensor selection is typically performed empirically, with sensors picked up either by analyzing their characteristics or through trial and error, which does not guarantee an optimized sensor array composition. This study focuses on develo** a method for sensor selection for an electronic tongue using simulated sensor data and Lasso regularization. Simulated sensor responses were calculated using sensor parameters such as sensitivity and selectivity, which were determined in the individual analyte solutions. Sensor selection was carried out using Lasso regularization, which removes redundant or highly correlated variables without much loss of information. The objective of the optimization of the sensor array was twofold, aiming to minimize both quantification errors and the number of sensors in the array. The quantification of toxins belonging to one of the groups of marine toxins—paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs)—using arrays of potentiometric chemical sensors was used as a case study. Eight PSTs corresponding to the toxin profiles in bivalves due to the two common toxin-producing phytoplankton species, G. catenatum (dcSTX, GTX5, GTX6, and C1+2) and A. minitum (STX, GTX2+3), as well as total sample toxicity, were included in the study. Experimental validation with mixed solutions of two groups of toxins confirmed the suitability of the proposed method of sensor array optimization with better performance obtained for the a priori optimized sensor arrays. The results indicate that the use of simulated sensor responses and Lasso regularization is a rapid and efficient method for the selection of an optimized sensor array.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Exciting Journey of Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Theme Issue in Honor of Professor Ingemar Lundström)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00115/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00115-g001-550.jpg?1718790183)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Photoluminescence Sensing of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and Their Two-Dimensional Structural Materials
by
Yaning Huang, Chen Zhang, Xuelian Liu and ** Chen
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060114 - 17 Jun 2024
Abstract
In recent years, the development of new efficient, fast, and intuitive materials and methods for photoluminescence (PL) sensing has become a research hotspot in analytical chemistry. Lead halide perovskite (LHP) materials have the characteristics of adjustable PL properties, high PL efficiency, and a
[...] Read more.
In recent years, the development of new efficient, fast, and intuitive materials and methods for photoluminescence (PL) sensing has become a research hotspot in analytical chemistry. Lead halide perovskite (LHP) materials have the characteristics of adjustable PL properties, high PL efficiency, and a variety of synthesis methods. Their PL is also sensitive to the change in specific factors in the environment. Based on these characteristics, LHP has shown good application prospects in the field of optical sensing. The study of the structural dimension, organic composition, or doped ions of LHP is helpful in exploring its sensing potential and proposing new sensing mechanisms, which have important research significance to promote sensing applications. In this review, the PL characteristics and sensing mechanisms, as well as their sensing applications of two- and three dimensional LHP, are discussed and summarized.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials for Chemical Sensing)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00114/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00114-g001-550.jpg?1718626219)
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Advanced NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging Technology for Precise Evaluation of Nanomedicine Delivery in Cancer Therapy
by
Meng Li, Tuanwei Li, Feng Wu, Feng Ren, Sumei Xue and Chunyan Li
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060113 - 16 Jun 2024
Abstract
Tumors represent a significant threat to human health, underscoring the critical need for effective treatment strategies. However, conventional drug therapies are hampered by imprecise delivery, potentially leading to inadequate efficacy and severe side effects. The strategic development of nanomedicines is believed to harbor
[...] Read more.
Tumors represent a significant threat to human health, underscoring the critical need for effective treatment strategies. However, conventional drug therapies are hampered by imprecise delivery, potentially leading to inadequate efficacy and severe side effects. The strategic development of nanomedicines is believed to harbor enormous potential for enhancing drug safety and efficacy, especially for precise, tumor-targeted therapies. Nevertheless, the fate of these nanomedicines within the human body is intricately governed by various physiological barriers and complex environments, posing challenges to predicting their behaviors. Near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging technology serves as a non-invasive, real-time monitoring method that can be applied for the precise evaluation of nanomedicine delivery in cancer therapy due to its numerous advantages, including high tissue penetration depth, high spatiotemporal resolution, and high signal-to-noise ratio. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the pivotal role of NIR-II fluorescence imaging in guiding the intratumoral precise delivery of nanomedicines and shed light on its current applications, challenges, and promising prospects in this field.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoprobes for Biosensing and Bioimaging)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00113/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00113-g001-550.jpg?1718855429)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Batch-Injection Amperometric Determination of Glucose Using a NiFe2O4/Carbon Nanotube Composite Enzymeless Sensor
by
Amanda B. Nascimento, Lucas V. de Faria, Tiago A. Matias, Osmando F. Lopes and Rodrigo A. A. Muñoz
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060112 - 16 Jun 2024
Abstract
The development of sensitive and selective analytical devices for monitoring glucose levels (GLU) in biological fluids is extremely important for clinical diagnostics. In this work, we produced a new composite based on NiFe2O4 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), called NiFe
[...] Read more.
The development of sensitive and selective analytical devices for monitoring glucose levels (GLU) in biological fluids is extremely important for clinical diagnostics. In this work, we produced a new composite based on NiFe2O4 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), called NiFe2O4@MWCNT, to be applied as a non-enzymatic amperometric sensor for GLU. Both NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4@MWCNT composites were properly characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed that the composite was successfully prepared. A glassy-carbon electrode (GCE) modified with NiFe2O4@MWCNT was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and applied for the amperometric GLU detection using batch-injection analysis (BIA). A linear working range between 50 and 600 µmol L−1 GLU with a significant increase in sensitivity (3-fold) in comparison with MWCNT/GCE was verified, with a detection limit of 36 µmol L−1. Inter-electrode measurements (n = 4, RSD = 10%) indicated that the sensor fabrication is reproducible. Furthermore, the proposed non-enzymatic sensor was selective even in the presence of other biomarkers found in urine. When applied to synthetic urine samples, recovery levels between 84 and 95% confirmed analytical accuracy and the absence of sample matrix effect. Importantly, the developed approach is simple (free of biological modifiers), fast (77 injections per hour), and practical (high-performance tool), which are suitable features for routine analyses.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glucose Biosensors)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00112/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00112-ag-550.jpg?1718617370)
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
SO2 Detection over a Wide Range of Concentrations: An Exploration on MOX-Based Gas Sensors
by
Arianna Rossi, Elena Spagnoli, Alan Visonà, Danial Ahmed, Marco Marzocchi, Vincenzo Guidi and Barbara Fabbri
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060111 - 14 Jun 2024
Abstract
Noxious gases such as sulfur-containing compounds can inflict several different adverse effects on human health even when present at extremely low concentrations. The accurate detection of these gases at sub-parts per million levels is imperative, particularly in fields where maintaining optimal air quality
[...] Read more.
Noxious gases such as sulfur-containing compounds can inflict several different adverse effects on human health even when present at extremely low concentrations. The accurate detection of these gases at sub-parts per million levels is imperative, particularly in fields where maintaining optimal air quality is crucial. In this study, we harnessed the capabilities of nanostructured metal-oxide semiconducting materials to detect sulfur dioxide, since they have been extensively explored starting from the last decades for their effectiveness in monitoring toxic gases. We systematically characterized the sensing performance of seven chemoresistive devices. As a result, the SnO2:Au sensor demonstrated to be the most promising candidate for sulfur dioxide detection, owing to its highly sensitivity (0.5–10 ppm), humidity-independent behavior (30 RH% onwards), and selectivity vs. different gases at an operating temperature of 400 °C. This comprehensive investigation facilitates a detailed performance comparison to other devices explored for the SO2 sensing, supporting advancements in gas detection technology for enhanced workplace and environmental safety.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensors and Electronic Noses for the Real Condition Sensing)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00111/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00111-g001-550.jpg?1718599364)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
CoNiTe2 Nanomaterials as an Efficient Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Detecting Dopamine
by
Zhi-Yuan Wang, Chi-Hung Shen, Shih-Hao Yang, Han-Wei Chang and Yu-Chen Tsai
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060110 - 13 Jun 2024
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that affects many physiological functions. Hence, a highly sensitive and selective sensing platform is necessary for quantification of DA in the human body. In this study, ternary transition metal tellurides
[...] Read more.
Dopamine (DA) is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that affects many physiological functions. Hence, a highly sensitive and selective sensing platform is necessary for quantification of DA in the human body. In this study, ternary transition metal tellurides of CoNiTe2 were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The proposed CoNiTe2 nanomaterials were dispersed well in Nafion to form a well-dispersed suspension and, when dropped on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the working electrode (CoNiTe2/Nafion/GCE) for electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing, displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity for dopamine electrooxidation. The morphology and physical/chemical properties of CoNiTe2 nanomaterials were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In order to obtain the best electrochemical response to DA from the fabricated CoNiTe2/Nafion/GCE, the experimental conditions of electrochemical sensing, including the CoNiTe2 loading amounts and pH values of the phosphate buffer solution (PBS), were explored to achieve the best electrochemical sensing performance. Under optimal conditions (2 mg of CoNiTe2 and pH 6.0 of PBS), the fabricated CoNiTe2/Nafion/GCE showed excellent electrocatalytic activity of DA electrooxidation. The CoNiTe2/Nafion/GCE sensing platform demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance owing to the optimal structural and electronic characteristics originating from the synergistic interactions of bimetallic Co and Ni, the low electronegativity of Te atoms, and the unique morphology of the CoNiTe2 nanorod. It exhibited a wide linear range from 0.05 to 100 μM, a high sensitivity of 1.2880 µA µM−1 cm−2, and a low limit of detection of 0.0380 µM, as well as acceptable selectivity for DA sensing. Therefore, the proposed CoNiTe2/Nafion/GCE could be considered a promising electrode material for electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial-Based Chemosensors and Biosensors for Smart Sensing)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00110/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00110-g001-550.jpg?1718271853)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Response of Nanostructured TiAlV with Potentiostatically Deposited IrOx as a pH Sensor for Rapid Detection of Inflammation
by
Jitřenka Jírů, Vojtěch Hybášek, Alena Michalcová, Klára Korbelová, Lukáš Koláčný and Jaroslav Fojt
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060109 - 11 Jun 2024
Abstract
Electrochemical pH sensors have a wide range of industrial applications such as in medicine due to their fast response and high sensitivity to pH changes. This work focuses on the preparation of samples based on the nanostructure of TiO2 with potentiostatically deposited
[...] Read more.
Electrochemical pH sensors have a wide range of industrial applications such as in medicine due to their fast response and high sensitivity to pH changes. This work focuses on the preparation of samples based on the nanostructure of TiO2 with potentiostatically deposited particles of iridium and its oxides (IrO2), using a Ti-6Al-4V alloy as the base material, and subsequent surface characterization. Transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed Ir particles distributed in the nanotubes. Using a potentiostatic method, a stable pH sensor was prepared. By monitoring the open circuit potential, it was shown that this sensor is usable even without being kept in a storage medium and does not react to changes in the redox potential of the solution.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection pH Sensors, Biosensors and Systems)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00109/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00109-g001-550.jpg?1719375526)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Upcycled Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Reversible Room Temperature NO2 Gas Sensor
by
Vien Trinh, Kai Xu, Hao Yu, Nam Ha, Yihong Hu, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Rui Ou, Yange Luan, Jiaru Zhang, Qijie Ma, Guanghui Ren and Jian Zhen Ou
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060108 - 10 Jun 2024
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as one of the most studied graphene derivatives, have demonstrated an intrinsically strong physisorption-based gas–matter behavior, owing to its enhanced volume–surface ratio and abundant surface functional groups. The exploration of efficient and cost-effective synthesis methods for GO is an
[...] Read more.
Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, as one of the most studied graphene derivatives, have demonstrated an intrinsically strong physisorption-based gas–matter behavior, owing to its enhanced volume–surface ratio and abundant surface functional groups. The exploration of efficient and cost-effective synthesis methods for GO is an ongoing task. In this work, we explored a novel approach to upcycle inexpensive polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste into high-quality GO using a combination of chemical and thermal treatments based on a montmorillonite template. The obtained material had a nanosheet morphology with a lateral dimension of around ~2 µm and a thickness of ~3 nm. In addition, the GO nanosheets were found to be a p-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.41 eV and was subsequently realized as a gas sensor. As a result, the GO sensor exhibited a fully reversible sensing response towards ultra-low-concentration NO2 gas with a limit of detection of ~1.43 ppb, without the implementation of an external excitation stimulus including elevating the operating temperature or bias voltages. When given a thorough test, the sensor maintained an impressive long-term stability and repeatability with little performance degradation after 5 days of experiments. The response factor was estimated to be ~11% when exposed to 1026 ppb NO2, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of other commonly seen gas species including CH4, H2, and CO2.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials and Related Materials for Sensing Applications, Volume II)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00108/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00108-g001-550.jpg?1717993031)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
SnO2 Nanowire/MoS2 Nanosheet Composite Gas Sensor in Self-Heating Mode for Selective and ppb-Level Detection of NO2 Gas
by
**-Young Kim, Ali Mirzaei and Jae-Hun Kim
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060107 - 9 Jun 2024
Abstract
The development of low-cost and low-power gas sensors for reliable NO2 gas detection is important due to the highly toxic nature of NO2 gas. Herein, initially, SnO2 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized through a simple vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. Subsequently, different amounts
[...] Read more.
The development of low-cost and low-power gas sensors for reliable NO2 gas detection is important due to the highly toxic nature of NO2 gas. Herein, initially, SnO2 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized through a simple vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. Subsequently, different amounts of SnO2 NWs were composited with MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) to fabricate SnO2 NWs/MoS2 NS nanocomposite gas sensors for NO2 gas sensing. The operation of the sensors in self-heating mode at 1–3.5 V showed that the sensor with 20 wt.% SnO2 (SM-20 nanocomposite) had the highest response of 13 to 1000 ppb NO2 under 3.2 V applied voltage. Furthermore, the SM-20 nanocomposite gas sensor exhibited high selectivity and excellent long-term stability. The enhanced NO2 gas response was ascribed to the formation of n-n heterojunctions between SnO2 NWs and MoS2, high surface area, and the presence of some voids in the SM-20 composite gas sensor due to having different morphologies of SnO2 NWs and MoS2 NSs. It is believed that the present strategy combining MoS2 and SnO2 with different morphologies and different sensing properties is a good approach to realize high-performance NO2 gas sensors with merits such as simple synthesis and fabrication procedures, low cost, and low power consumption, which are currently in demand in the gas sensor market.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Chemosenors for Applications in Environment, Health, Food, and Industry Process Control)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00107/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00107-g001-550.jpg?1717925088)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Quantitative Analysis of Chlorogenic Acid during Coffee Roasting via Raman Spectroscopy
by
Deborah Herdt, Tobias Teumer, Shaun Paul Keck, Thomas Kunz, Victoria Schiwek, Sarah Kühnemuth, Frank-Jürgen Methner and Matthias Rädle
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060106 - 9 Jun 2024
Abstract
Tracking coffee roasting at an industrial scale for quality control is challenging. Bean color is a practical gauge for monitoring and regulating the process but only occurs before and after the process. This study highlights the feasibility of monitoring the process throughout using
[...] Read more.
Tracking coffee roasting at an industrial scale for quality control is challenging. Bean color is a practical gauge for monitoring and regulating the process but only occurs before and after the process. This study highlights the feasibility of monitoring the process throughout using Raman spectroscopy. Strecker degradation and the Maillard reaction contribute to various aromatic compounds that can serve as markers in quality monitoring. Among these are chlorogenic acids (CGAs), recognized as pivotal factors determining the desired aroma. Here, drum and fluidized bed roaster processes were monitored, capitalizing on the chemical alterations induced by high temperatures (140–200 °C), particularly through the Maillard reaction. These chemical changes manifest in the scattered light signal. For real-time monitoring, Raman spectra were taken every 10 ms in selected ranges, with an average calculated every second. Utilizing a calibration matrix from a High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method, CGA concentration becomes the control variable for assessing roasting progress. This study reveals the potential of Raman spectroscopy for tracking CGA during roasting. It establishes a correlation between inelastic scattered light and CGA validated through laboratory measurements and fixed roasting conditions, resulting in a theoretical CGA concentration that can be used as a process termination criterion.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Spectroscopy Technology for Chemical Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00106/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00106-g001-550.jpg?1717922294)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Quick Plant Sample Preparation Methods Using a Micro-Homogenizer for the Detection of Multiple Citrus Pathogens
by
Chia-Wei Liu, Sohrab Bodaghi, Georgios Vidalakis and Hideaki Tsutsui
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060105 - 8 Jun 2024
Abstract
Effective pathogen detection is essential for plant disease control. However, plant sample preparation for downstream assays, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is challenging to perform outside of a laboratory. This paper reports two sample preparation methods featuring chemical and mechanical lysis
[...] Read more.
Effective pathogen detection is essential for plant disease control. However, plant sample preparation for downstream assays, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is challenging to perform outside of a laboratory. This paper reports two sample preparation methods featuring chemical and mechanical lysis and nucleic acid extraction using a micro-homogenizer, followed by serial dilution or nucleic acid purification with a paper disk before assay. Five minutes of lysis and extraction resulted in DNA and RNA yields of up to 76.5% and 63.3%, respectively, compared to mortar and pestle controls. Crude lysates were unsuitable for direct use in qPCR assays; however, serial dilution or quick wash using chromatography paper rendered samples ready for such assays. Additionally, the nucleic acids stored on paper disks under various storage conditions remained stable for one month. These methods can facilitate the in-field preparation of citrus samples and allow for both onsite and mail-in diagnostics for growers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00105/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00105-ag-550.jpg?1717838488)
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Bimetallic Fe3O4@Co3O4/CN as a Nanozyme with Dual Enzyme-Mimic Activities for the Colorimetric Determination of Mercury(II)
by
Yanyan ** He, Deyong Wang, Yuan Liang, **ng Gao and **aohong Hou
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060104 - 7 Jun 2024
Abstract
Colorimetric biosensor-based nanozymes have received considerable attention in various fields thanks to the advantages of the simple preparation, good stability, and regulable catalytic activity of nanozymes. In this study, a bimetallic nanozyme Fe3O4@Co3O4/CN was prepared
[...] Read more.
Colorimetric biosensor-based nanozymes have received considerable attention in various fields thanks to the advantages of the simple preparation, good stability, and regulable catalytic activity of nanozymes. In this study, a bimetallic nanozyme Fe3O4@Co3O4/CN was prepared via the high-temperature calcination of Fe3O4-PVP@ZIF-67. The material retained its skeletal structure before calcination, which prevented the aggregation of nanoparticles and exposed more active sites of the nanozyme, substantially enhancing the intrinsic dual enzyme-mimetic activities, including peroxidase- and oxidase-like activities. In particular, Fe3O4@Co3O4/CN with oxidase-like activity catalyzed the colorless tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to become blue oxTMB with oxygen. Reducing glutathione (GSH) could inhibit the above oxidation reaction. In contrast, with respect to the existence of mercury(II), GSH bound to mercury(II) due to the strong affinity between mercury(II) and -SH, thus eliminating the inhibition and restoring the oxTMB signal. A simple and effective colorimetric sensor was fabricated to detect mercury(II) based on the above principles. The proposed measurement had a linear range of 0.1–15 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.017 μM. It was shown that the established colorimetric sensing system could be successfully applied to detect mercury(II) in water samples, and the Fe3O4@Co3O4/CN nanozyme proved to be a promising candidate for biosensing application.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemosensors in Biological Challenges, Volume II)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00104/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00104-g001-550.jpg?1719297966)
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Synthesis of Bismuth Film Assembly on Flexible Carbon Cloth for the Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metal Ions
by
Yujie Cao, **angyu Zhou, Ziling Wang, Yi Li, Minglei Yan, Yun Zeng, Jie **ao, Yang Zhao and Jun-Heng Fu
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060103 - 6 Jun 2024
Abstract
The utilization of bismuth as a sensing material for the detection of heavy metal ions has gained significant attention due to its exceptional interfacial activity and selective absorption properties. However, it also poses challenges in terms of agglomeration and its inferior electrical conductivity
[...] Read more.
The utilization of bismuth as a sensing material for the detection of heavy metal ions has gained significant attention due to its exceptional interfacial activity and selective absorption properties. However, it also poses challenges in terms of agglomeration and its inferior electrical conductivity during the synthesis process. This paper employed a facile in situ synthesis and electrodeposition approach to uniformly grow a bismuth film on a conductive carbon cloth, designated as Bi/Ag@CC. The Bi/Ag@CC electrode material exhibited benign electrochemical properties, enabling its application for detecting Pb2+ in tap water and lake water samples. Furthermore, this work investigated the impact of electrochemical parameters, including electrolyte pH, deposition potential and pre-enrichment time, on the detection performance. The results demonstrated the sensor’s wide linear range (from 20 to 400 ppb) and detection limits (0.15 ppb) for heavy metal ion detection, along with excellent anti-interference capabilities and satisfactory repeatability, with an RSD of less than 2.31% (n = 6). This paper offers a novel strategy for positioning the bismuth-based composite as a promising candidate for practical electrochemical sensing applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrochemical Devices and Sensors)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00103/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00103-ag-550.jpg?1717659864)
Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Portable Sensing Platform for the Visual Detection of Iodide Ions in Food and Clinical Samples
by
Aizaz Khan, Ali Turab Jafry, Huma Ajab, Asim Yaqub, Shahaab Jilani, Dildar Hussain and Naseem Abbas
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060102 - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
The detection of iodide ions (I−), despite challenges due to low concentrations and potential masking, is crucial for studying physiological processes and diagnosing diseases. A colorimetric sensor was developed to improve I− ion monitoring and facilitate on-site detection based on
[...] Read more.
The detection of iodide ions (I−), despite challenges due to low concentrations and potential masking, is crucial for studying physiological processes and diagnosing diseases. A colorimetric sensor was developed to improve I− ion monitoring and facilitate on-site detection based on filter paper, which is a cost-effective platform. The sensor observed color changes in response to the exposure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), from colorless to yellowish brown. The sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 0.125 × 10−6 M for I− ions in a relatively wide range of 0.01 to 15 × 10−6 M under optimized conditions including gel concentration, temperature, incubation time, TMB and H2O2 concentration, and pH. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was successfully employed in a variety of applications, such as biological (urine and blood serum), food (egg yolk and snacks), and environmental samples (tap water). The study established effective recoveries in complex media for visual on-site I− ion monitoring, indicating the developed assay as a potent, affordable, and practical platform.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00102/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00102-ag-550.jpg?1719226736)
Graphical abstract
Open AccessCommunication
Thermal Modulation of Resistance Gas Sensor Facilitates Recognition of Fragrance Odors
by
Ran Sui, Erpan Zhang, **aoshui Tang, Wenjun Yan, Yun Liu and Houpan Zhou
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060101 - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
Herein, we prepared two different MOS-based gas sensors with integrated micro-hotplates. The two sensors were employed to detect various fragrances (cedar, mandarin orange, rose A, and rose B), exhibiting similarly great sensing performances. The gas sensing properties of the MOS-based sensor depend on
[...] Read more.
Herein, we prepared two different MOS-based gas sensors with integrated micro-hotplates. The two sensors were employed to detect various fragrances (cedar, mandarin orange, rose A, and rose B), exhibiting similarly great sensing performances. The gas sensing properties of the MOS-based sensor depend on the sensor’s operating temperature. In addition to isothermal operation, various pulse heating modes were applied to investigate the gas sensing performances with respect to the four fragrances. Multivariate gas sensing features of the four fragrances were obtained under different operating modes, which were utilized for the recognition of fragrance odors successfully, based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Applied Chemical Sensors)
►▼
Show Figures
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/chemosensors/chemosensors-12-00101/article_deploy/html/images/chemosensors-12-00101-g001-550.jpg?1718783010)
Figure 1
![Chemosensors chemosensors-logo](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/chemosensors-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14)
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Chemosensors Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Analytica, Molecules, Nanomaterials, Polymers, Separations, Chemosensors
Nanomaterials in Green Analytical Chemistry
Topic Editors: George Zachariadis, Rosa Peñalver, Natalia ManousiDeadline: 15 August 2024
Topic in
Analytica, Metabolites, Toxins, Molecules, Cells, Chemosensors
Application of Analytical Technology in Metabolomics
Topic Editors: Preeti Chandra, Ugo Bussy, Raúl G. EnríquezDeadline: 31 October 2024
Topic in
Analytica, Foods, Molecules, Sensors, Separations, Chemosensors
Application of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Related Techniques
Topic Editors: Chao Kang, Ronald BeckettDeadline: 15 December 2024
Topic in
Beverages, Foods, Molecules, Nutrients, Separations, Chemosensors
Advances in Analysis of Food and Beverages
Topic Editors: Anna M. Kaczmarek, Constantinos G. TsiafoulisDeadline: 31 January 2025
![loading...](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1719563568)
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Chemosensors
Electrochemical Sensor for Food Analysis
Guest Editors: Milan B. Radovanović, Marija B. Petrović Mihajlović, Ana SimonovicDeadline: 1 July 2024
Special Issue in
Chemosensors
Preparation and Application of Photoelectrochemical Sensors
Guest Editors: Mei Yan, **g ZhangDeadline: 20 July 2024
Special Issue in
Chemosensors
Dedicated to Professor Giorgio Sberveglieri on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday for His Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Chemical Sensors
Guest Editors: Estefanía Núñez Carmona, Veronica SberveglieriDeadline: 30 July 2024
Special Issue in
Chemosensors
A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Sensors: Materials, Physico-Chemical Properties and Devices
Guest Editor: Madjid ArabDeadline: 10 August 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Chemosensors
Women Special Issue in Chemosensors and Analytical Chemistry
Collection Editors: Teresa Corrales, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault, Eleonora Alfinito
Topical Collection in
Chemosensors
Recent Trend in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis
Collection Editors: Cláudia Maria Rosa Ribeiro, Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
Topical Collection in
Chemosensors
Optical Chemosensors and Biosensors
Collection Editor: Ambra Giannetti
Topical Collection in
Chemosensors
Sustainable Metal Oxide Materials for Sensing Applications
Collection Editors: Ana Rovisco, Elisabetta Comini