Safety

29 pages, 951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modelling of Safety Performance in Building Construction Projects Using System Dynamics Approach in Tanzania

by Kamugisha Kajumulo, Juma Matindana and Fatma Mohamed

Safety 2024, 10(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10030057 - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 224

Issues in construction safety in Tanzania cast a long shadow, claiming lives and hindering project success. Understanding the complex dynamics at play is crucial for improving safety performance. This research aims to develop a system dynamics model to understand the factors influencing safety performance in building construction projects. Smart PLS was used to identify key variables using factor reduction, and 19 factors were determined as key factors to be used in this study from 143 variables from a questionnaire; then, STELLA was used to develop system dynamic modelling. A study was conducted on 255 building construction projects in five regions of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Arusha, Mwanza, and Mbeya, and later, the model was tested in one contractor’s company. By simulating the interactions between these diverse elements and their impact on accident rates, it was found that both safety performance and safety management processes for construction projects are not stagnant but are expected to rise at the beginning of the project and to grow steadily as the project execution approaches its end. The sensitivity analysis conducted on the system dynamics model found that the extent, frequency, and cost of incidences are positively correlated. This study contributes facts on the status of safety climate, a new definition of safety climate, and the integration of different analysis methods in evaluating safety performance in Tanzania. Full article

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12 pages, 5338 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Assessing the Short-Term Effects of Dual Back-Support Exoskeleton within Logistics Operations

by André Cardoso, Ana Colim, Paula Carneiro, Nélson Costa, Sérgio Gomes, Abel Pires and Pedro Arezes

Safety 2024, 10(3), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10030056 - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 186

Abstract

Logistics activities involve significant risk factors for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD), particularly low back pain. Exoskeletons have emerged as potential solutions to mitigate these risks. This study assesses the short-term effects of dual passive back-support exoskeletons (Auxivo and Htrius) on WMSD risk factors in logistics operations. Two workstations were evaluated using self-report ratings, postural assessment, and surface electromyography (EMG). The results indicate that both exoskeletons provided relief and support during tasks, with Htrius showing a slight advantage. Exoskeletons reduced perceived exertion, especially during trunk flexion tasks, and improved posture, particularly in tasks involving manual lifting loads at lower height levels. While variations in muscular activity were observed, the Htrius exoskeleton showed a trend of reducing lumbar muscle activity. Overall, Htrius demonstrated promise in improving workers’ comfort, safety, and efficiency, potentially reducing WMSD risk and muscular fatigue. However, individual preferences and workplace-specific characteristics should be considered when selecting exoskeleton models. Future research should explore the effects on different loads, genders, and EMG of different muscles to further enhance the understanding and application of exoskeletons in occupational contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ergonomics and Safety)

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15 pages, 616 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into Agricultural Machine Injuries in Pakistan: An Orthopedic Surgeons Survey (2022–2023)

by Mian Muhammad Sajid Raza, Zamir Hussain Tunio, Ikram Din Ujjan and Salah F. Issa

Safety 2024, 10(3), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10030055 - 25 Jun 2024

Viewed by 544

Abstract

As one of the most perilous industries, agriculture presents both fatal and non-fatal risks to farmers. Pakistan, a notable Asian nation, heavily depends on agriculture, which constitutes 23% of its GDP and employs 37.4% of its workforce. The study investigates the challenges within Pakistan’s agriculture sector and enriches the existing literature by gathering data on agricultural machine-related injuries in Pakistan during 2022–2023. The survey, conducted from November 2022 to April 2023, involved 55 respondents, predominantly from Sindh and Punjab. The findings indicate a total of 507 injuries, with approximately a quarter being fatal (121 incidents). Sindh emerges as a significant hotspot, with the majority of injuries documented there. With respect to the key sources of injuries, the fodder cutter is a primary source of injuries with 201 injuries documented, accounting for approximately 40% of all injuries. Threshers contributed to 197 injuries, approximately 39% of the total, and about 52 are tractor-related injuries, making up about 10% of machine injuries. Regarding the severity and demographics of injuries, about 38% of cases involve amputation, with a higher incidence among males (77%) and individuals aged 15–34 years (65%). It is important to acknowledge the study’s limitations, including a small participant pool and a brief data collection period. This research advocates for safety regulations, accident reduction measures, and increased safety awareness among farmers, aiming to foster a safer and more sustainable agricultural environment in Pakistan. Full article

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Safety, Volume 10, Issue 3 (September 2024) – 3 articles

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