Journal Description
Antioxidants
Antioxidants
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal, published monthly online by MDPI. The International Coenzyme Q10 Association (ICQ10A), Israel Society for Oxygen and Free Radical Research (ISOFRR) and European Academy for Molecular Hydrogen Research (EAMHR) are affiliated with Antioxidants and their members receive discounts on the article processing charge.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, FSTA, PubAg, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Chemistry, Medicinal) / CiteScore - Q1 (Food Science)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Antioxidants.
- Companion journal: Oxygen.
Impact Factor:
6.0 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
6.7 (2023)
Latest Articles
Trehalose Protects against Superoxide Dismutase 1 Proteinopathy in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070807 - 3 Jul 2024
Abstract
This work aimed to study the effect of trehalose in protecting cells against Sod1 proteinopathy associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Humanized yeast cells in which native Sod1 was replaced by wild-type human Sod1 or an ALS mutant (WT-A4V Sod1 heterodimer) were used
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This work aimed to study the effect of trehalose in protecting cells against Sod1 proteinopathy associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Humanized yeast cells in which native Sod1 was replaced by wild-type human Sod1 or an ALS mutant (WT-A4V Sod1 heterodimer) were used as the experimental model. Cells were treated with 10% trehalose (p/v) before or after the appearance of hSod1 proteinopathy induced by oxidative stress. In both conditions, trehalose reduced the number of cells with Sod1 inclusions, increased Sod1 activity, and decreased the levels of intracellular oxidation, demonstrating that trehalose avoids Sod1 misfolding and loss of function in response to oxidative stress. The survival rates of ALS Sod1 cells stressed in the presence of trehalose were 60% higher than in their absence. Treatment with trehalose after the appearance of Sod1 inclusions in cells expressing WT Sod1 doubled longevity; after 5 days, non-treated cells did not survive, but 15% of cells treated with sugar were still alive. Altogether, our results emphasize the potential of trehalose as a novel therapy, which might be applied preventively in ALS patients with a family history of the disease or after diagnosis in ALS patients who discover the disease following the first symptoms.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative-Stress in Human Diseases—3rd Edition)
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Open AccessReview
Effects of Heart Failure Therapies on Atrial Fibrillation: Biological and Clinical Perspectives
by
Alfredo Mauriello, Antonia Ascrizzi, Anna Selvaggia Roma, Riccardo Molinari, Alfredo Caturano, Egidio Imbalzano, Antonello D’Andrea and Vincenzo Russo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070806 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are prevalent cardiovascular diseases that contribute significantly to morbidity, mortality, hospitalisation, and healthcare costs. It is not uncommon for these conditions to coexist and have mutually reinforcing effects. A critical factor in the aetiology of these
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Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are prevalent cardiovascular diseases that contribute significantly to morbidity, mortality, hospitalisation, and healthcare costs. It is not uncommon for these conditions to coexist and have mutually reinforcing effects. A critical factor in the aetiology of these conditions is oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to atrial remodelling and fibrosis. The recent introduction of new drugs for the treatment of heart failure has also had an impact on the management of atrial fibrillation due to their influence on oxidative stress. The objective of this review is to analyse the effects of these therapies, including their role in mitigating ROS, on the prevention and treatment of AF in HF patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs))
Open AccessArticle
Apomorphine Suppresses the Progression of Steatohepatitis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis
by
Hiroshi Maeda, Kouichi Miura, Kenichi Aizawa, Oyunjargal Bat-Erdene, Miho Sashikawa-Kimura, Eri Noguchi, Masako Watanabe, Naoya Yamada, Hitoshi Osaka, Naoki Morimoto and Hironori Yamamoto
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070805 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
The role of ferroptosis in steatohepatitis development is largely unknown. We investigated (1) whether hepatocyte ferroptosis occurs in a gene-modified steatohepatitis model without modifying dietary components, (2) whether ferroptosis occurs at an early stage of steatohepatitis, and (3) whether apomorphine, recently reported as
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The role of ferroptosis in steatohepatitis development is largely unknown. We investigated (1) whether hepatocyte ferroptosis occurs in a gene-modified steatohepatitis model without modifying dietary components, (2) whether ferroptosis occurs at an early stage of steatohepatitis, and (3) whether apomorphine, recently reported as a ferroptosis inhibitor, can ameliorate steatohepatitis. Hepatocyte-specific PTEN KO mice were used. Huh 7 and primary cultured hepatocytes isolated from the mice were used in this study. The number of dead cells increased in 10-week-old PTEN KO mice. This cell death was suppressed by the administration of ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 for 2 weeks. Apomorphine also ameliorated the severity of steatohepatitis. Treatment with ferroptosis inhibitors, including apomorphine, decreases the level of lipid peroxidase. Apomorphine suppressed cell death induced by RSL-3 (a ferroptosis inducer), which was not suppressed by apoptosis or necroptosis inhibitors. Apomorphine showed a radical trap** capacity with much more potent activity than ferrostatin-1 and Trolox, a soluble form of vitamin E. In addition, apomorphine activated nrf2 and its downstream genes, including HO-1 and xCT. In conclusion, ferroptosis occurs in steatohepatitis from an early stage in PTEN KO mice. In addition, apomorphine ameliorates the severity of steatohepatitis by inhibiting ferroptosis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Target Profile of Antioxidant Compounds, including Repurposing and Combination Strategies)
Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Decay Kinetics of Black Elderberry Antioxidants from Fruits and Flowers
by
Iwona Golonka, Andrzej Dryś, Katarzyna Podgórska, Joanna Polewska and Witold Musiał
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070804 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of black elderberry are related to its high content of polyphenols (natural antioxidants), which eliminate free radicals and prevent the formation of oxidative stress responsible for many diseases. The aim of this work was to determine, the anti-radical effect of
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The health-promoting properties of black elderberry are related to its high content of polyphenols (natural antioxidants), which eliminate free radicals and prevent the formation of oxidative stress responsible for many diseases. The aim of this work was to determine, the anti-radical effect of Sambucus nigra infusions based on the reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and galvinoxyl (Glv) radicals and to determine the function describing the disappearance curves of these radicals. The antioxidant properties of infusions obtained from the flowers and fruits of this plant were tested using the modified Brand-Williams method using DPPH and Glv radicals. Higher antioxidant activity towards both the DPPH and Glv radicals was found in flowers compared to fruits. In addition, it was found that the process of quenching radicals in the reaction with Sambucus nigra infusions proceeds in accordance with the assumptions of second-order reaction kinetics. The infusion obtained from flowers quenched radicals faster than fruit infusions. The applied second-order kinetics equation may enable estimation of antioxidants levels in natural sources of radicals.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties in Medicinal Plants)
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Open AccessArticle
Dexborneol Amplifies Pregabalin’s Analgesic Effect in Mouse Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Incisional Pain
by
Zhen Shen, Yun-Dan Guo, Ming-Ze Tang, ** Zhou, Yu-**n Su, Hao-Ran Shen, Tao Li, Wei Jiang, Yan-**ng Han, Cai Tie, **g-**g Cui, Tian-Le Gao and Jian-Dong Jiang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070803 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
Pregabalin is a medication primarily used in the treatment of neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders, owing to its gabapentinoid properties. Pregabalin monotherapy faces limitations due to its variable efficacy and dose-dependent adverse reactions. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the
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Pregabalin is a medication primarily used in the treatment of neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders, owing to its gabapentinoid properties. Pregabalin monotherapy faces limitations due to its variable efficacy and dose-dependent adverse reactions. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the potentiation of pregabalin’s analgesic effects by dexborneol, a neuroprotective bicyclic monoterpenoid compound. We performed animal experiments where pain models were induced using two methods: peripheral nerve injury, involving axotomy and ligation of the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and incisional pain through a longitudinal incision in the hind paw, while employing a multifaceted methodology that integrates behavioral pharmacology, molecular biology, neuromorphology, and lipidomics to delve into the mechanisms behind this potentiation. Dexborneol was found to enhance pregabalin’s efficacy by promoting its transportation to the central nervous system, disrupting self-amplifying vicious cycles via the reduction of HMGB1 and ATP release, and exerting significant anti-oxidative effects through modulation of central lipid metabolism. This combination therapy not only boosted pregabalin’s analgesic property but also notably decreased its side effects. Moreover, this therapeutic cocktail exceeded basic pain relief, effectively reducing neuroinflammation and glial cell activation—key factors contributing to persistent and chronic pain. This study paves the way for more tolerable and effective analgesic options, highlighting the potential of dexborneol as an adjuvant to pregabalin therapy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Target Profile of Antioxidant Compounds, including Repurposing and Combination Strategies)
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Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Early Life Stress Influences Oxidative Stress Enzyme Activities in Liver, Heart, Kidney, Suprarenal Glands, and Pancreas in Male and Female Rat Pups
by
Bertha Fenton Navarro, Alexis Abraham Casimiro Aguayo, Yayr Luis Torres Gómez, Miguel Cervantes Alfaro and Luz Torner
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070802 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases resulting from functional alterations of organs in the cardiorespiratory and renal systems. This work studied the changes in oxidative stress enzyme activities (EAs) of SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, GST,
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Early life stress (ELS) is a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases resulting from functional alterations of organs in the cardiorespiratory and renal systems. This work studied the changes in oxidative stress enzyme activities (EAs) of SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, GST, NOS, MDA, and FRAP in different organs (heart, liver, kidney, adrenal glands (AGs), and pancreas) of male and female Sprague–Dawley rat pups on postnatal day (PN) 15, immediately after basal and acute or chronic stress conditions were accomplished, as follows: basal control (BC; undisturbed maternal pups care), stress control (SC; 3 h maternal separation on PN15), basal maternal separation (BMS; daily 3 h maternal separation on PN 1-14), and stress maternal separation (SMS; daily 3 h maternal separation on PN 1-14 and 3 h maternal separation on PN15). Acute or long-term stress resulted in overall oxidative stress, increase in EA, and reduced antioxidant capacity in these organs. Some different response patterns, due to precedent SMS, were observed in specific organs, especially in the AGs. Acute stress exposure increases the EA, but chronic stress generates a response in the antioxidant system in some of the organs studied and is damped in response to a further challenge.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Antioxidant Enzyme Systems)
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Open AccessArticle
CCL2 and Lactate from Chemotherapeutics-Treated Fibroblasts Drive Malignant Traits by Metabolic Rewiring in Low-Migrating Breast Cancer Cell Lines
by
Maria Jesus Vera, Iván Ponce, Cristopher Almarza, Gonzalo Ramirez, Francisco Guajardo, Karen Dubois-Camacho, Nicolás Tobar, Félix A. Urra and Jorge Martinez
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070801 - 1 Jul 2024
Abstract
While cytostatic chemotherapy targeting DNA is known to induce genotoxicity, leading to cell cycle arrest and cytokine secretion, the impact of these drugs on fibroblast–epithelial cancer cell communication and metabolism remains understudied. Our research focused on human breast fibroblast RMF-621 exposed to nonlethal
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While cytostatic chemotherapy targeting DNA is known to induce genotoxicity, leading to cell cycle arrest and cytokine secretion, the impact of these drugs on fibroblast–epithelial cancer cell communication and metabolism remains understudied. Our research focused on human breast fibroblast RMF-621 exposed to nonlethal concentrations of cisplatin and doxorubicin, revealing reduced proliferation, diminished basal and maximal mitochondrial respirations, heightened mitochondrial ROS and lactate production, and elevated MCT4 protein levels. Interestingly, RMF-621 cells enhanced glucose uptake, promoting lactate export. Breast cancer cells MCF-7 exposed to conditioned media (CM) from drug-treated stromal RMF-621 cells increased MCT1 protein levels, lactate-driven mitochondrial respiration, and a significantly high mitochondrial spare capacity for lactate. These changes occurred alongside altered mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide levels. Furthermore, CM with doxorubicin and cisplatin increased migratory capacity in MCF-7 cells, which was inhibited by MCT1 (BAY-8002), glutamate dehydrogenase (EGCG), mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (UK5099), and complex I (rotenone) inhibitors. A similar behavior was observed in T47-D and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. This suggests that CM induces metabolic rewiring involving elevated lactate uptake to sustain mitochondrial bioenergetics during migration. Treatment with the mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant mitoTEMPO in RMF-621 and the addition of an anti-CCL2 antibody in the CM prevented the promigratory MCF-7 phenotype. Similar effects were observed in THP1 monocyte cells, where CM increased monocyte recruitment. We propose that nonlethal concentrations of DNA-damaging drugs induce changes in the cellular environment favoring a promalignant state dependent on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Metabolite Signaling in the Heart and Cancer)
Open AccessArticle
Protective Effect of Ergothioneine against Oxidative Stress-Induced Chondrocyte Death
by
Shuzo Sakata, Ryo Kunimatsu and Kotaro Tanimoto
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070800 - 1 Jul 2024
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce oxidative stress in cells and are associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural amino acid derivative derived from the ergot fungus and has been reported to exhibit an effective antioxidant function in many
[...] Read more.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce oxidative stress in cells and are associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural amino acid derivative derived from the ergot fungus and has been reported to exhibit an effective antioxidant function in many models of oxidative stress-related diseases. Recently, mutations in OCTN1, a membrane transporter of EGT, have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, we investigated the chondrocyte-protective function of EGT using a model of oxidative stress-induced injury of chondrocytes by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Human chondrocytes were subjected to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment, and cell viability, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the medium, dead cell ratio, intracellular ROS production, and mitochondrial morphology were assessed. EGT improved chondrocyte viability and LDH activity in the medium and strongly suppressed the dead cell ratio. EGT also exerted protective effects on intracellular ROS production and mitochondrial morphology. These results provide evidence to support the protective effects of EGT on chondrocytes induced by oxidative stress.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Bioactive Compounds Exerting Health Promoting Effects through Ameliorating Oxidative Stress)
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Open AccessArticle
Modification Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Association of High Red Meat Intake and Lung Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Cancer Screening Trial
by
Jiaqi Yang, **aona Na, Zhihui Li and Ai Zhao
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070799 - 30 Jun 2024
Abstract
Evidence on the association between red meat consumption and lung cancer risk is weak. This study examined the associations between red meat and lung cancer across levels of antioxidant intake from foods or supplements. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess hazard
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Evidence on the association between red meat consumption and lung cancer risk is weak. This study examined the associations between red meat and lung cancer across levels of antioxidant intake from foods or supplements. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess hazard ratios (HRs) for lung cancer incidence in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. Baseline food frequency questionnaires measured red meat and antioxidant intake. The food-based Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (fCDAI) evaluated the overall natural intake of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, magnesium, and selenium. During 13 years of follow-up, 95,647 participants developed 1599 lung cancer cases. Higher red meat consumption was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer (HRQ4vsQ1 1.43, 95%CI 1.20–1.71, p-trend < 0.001). We observed similar trends across groups with low or medium levels of antioxidant intake. However, no association was noticed in the group with the highest fCDAI (HRQ4vsQ1 1.24, 95%CI 0.90–1.72, p-trend = 0.08) and highest independent natural antioxidant intake. The attenuated risk was not consistently observed among groups with high supplement use. Lastly, we did not notice evidence of interactions between red meat and antioxidant intake. Our findings emphasize the importance of limiting red meat in lung cancer prevention.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)
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Open AccessArticle
Design and Synthesis of Novel Antioxidant 2-Substituted-5,7,8-Trimethyl-1,4-Benzoxazine Hybrids: Effects on Young and Senescent Fibroblasts
by
Theano Fotopoulou, Adamantia Papadopoulou, Andromachi Tzani, Michail Mamais, Eleni Mavrogonatou, Harris Pratsinis, Maria Koufaki, Dimitris Kletsas and Theodora Calogeropoulou
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070798 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
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The exponential growth of the aged population worldwide is followed by an increase in the prevalence of age-related disorders. Oxidative stress plays central role in damage accumulation during ageing and cell senescence. Thus, a major target of today’s anti-ageing research has been focused
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The exponential growth of the aged population worldwide is followed by an increase in the prevalence of age-related disorders. Oxidative stress plays central role in damage accumulation during ageing and cell senescence. Thus, a major target of today’s anti-ageing research has been focused on antioxidants counteracting senescence. In the current work, six novel 5,7,8-trimethyl-1,4-benzoxazine/catechol or resorcinol hybrids were synthesized connected through a methoxymethyl-1,2,3-triazolyl or a 1,2,3-triazoly linker. The compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity in a cell-free system and for their ability to reduce intracellular ROS levels in human skin fibroblasts, both young (early-passage) and senescent. The most efficient compounds were further tested in these cells for their ability to induce the expression of the gene heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1), known to regulate redox homeostasis, and cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Overall, the two catechol derivatives were found to be more potent than the resorcinol analogues. Furthermore, these two derivatives were shown to act coordinately as radical scavengers, ROS inhibitors, ho-1 gene expression inducers, and GSH enhancers. Interestingly, one of the two catechol derivatives was also found to enhance human skin fibroblast viability. The properties of the synthesized compounds support their potential use in cosmetic applications, especially in products targeting skin ageing.
Full article
![](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/antioxidants/antioxidants-13-00798/article_deploy/html/images/antioxidants-13-00798-ag-550.jpg?1719797315)
Graphical abstract
Open AccessSystematic Review
The Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
by
Kiana Mohammadian, Fatemeh Fakhar, Shayan Keramat and Agata Stanek
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070797 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that causes liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In 2020, a proposal was made to refer to it as “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that causes liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In 2020, a proposal was made to refer to it as “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)”, with concise diagnostic criteria. Given its widespread occurrence, its treatment is crucial. Increased levels of oxidative stress cause this disease. This review aims to evaluate various studies on antioxidant therapies for patients with MAFLD. A comprehensive search for relevant research was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases, resulting in the identification of 87 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 31.1% of human studies used natural antioxidants, 53.3% used synthetic antioxidants, and 15.5% used both natural and synthetic antioxidants. In human-based studies, natural antioxidants showed 100% efficacy in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants showed effective results in only 91% of the investigations. In animal-based research, natural antioxidants were fully effective in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants demonstrated effectiveness in only 87.8% of the evaluations. In conclusion, antioxidants in their natural form are more helpful for patients with MAFLD, and preserving the correct balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants is a useful way to monitor antioxidant treatment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants Therapy and Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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Open AccessReview
Exploitation of Natural By-Products for the Promotion of Healthy Outcomes in Humans: Special Focus on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota
by
Luigi Santacroce, Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Francesca Castellaneta, Elona Gaxhja, Skender Topi, Raffaele Palmirotta and Emilio Jirillo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070796 - 29 Jun 2024
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Daily, a lot of food is wasted, and vegetables, fruit, and cereals as well as marine products represent the major sources of unwanted by-products. The sustainability, waste recovery, and revalorization of food by-products have been proposed as the main goals of the so-called
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Daily, a lot of food is wasted, and vegetables, fruit, and cereals as well as marine products represent the major sources of unwanted by-products. The sustainability, waste recovery, and revalorization of food by-products have been proposed as the main goals of the so-called circular economy. In fact, food wastes are enriched in by-products endowed with beneficial effects on human health. Grape, olives, vegetables, and rice contain different compounds, such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, vitamins, and proteins, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibiting pro-oxidant genes and the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kβ) pathway, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Dietary fibers act upon the gut microbiota, expanding beneficial bacteria, which contribute to healthy outcomes. Furthermore, marine foods, even including microalgae, arthropods, and wastes of fish, are rich in carotenoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and chitooligosaccharides, which afford antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection. The present review will cover the major by-products derived from food wastes, describing the mechanisms of action involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the modulation of the gut microbiota. The effects of some by-products have also been explored in clinical trials, while others, such as marine by-products, need more investigation for their full exploitation as bioactive compounds in humans.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Hydroethanolic Extract of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation
by
Kwang-Youn Kim, Yun-Mi Kang, Ami Lee, Yeon-Ji Kim, Kyung-Ho Kim and Youn-Hwan Hwang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070795 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has surged in Asian nations recently. The limitations of traditional drug treatments, including biologics, have spurred interest in herbal medicines for managing UC. This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanisms of hydroethanolic extract from Lepidium apetalum
[...] Read more.
The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has surged in Asian nations recently. The limitations of traditional drug treatments, including biologics, have spurred interest in herbal medicines for managing UC. This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanisms of hydroethanolic extract from Lepidium apetalum Willdenow (LWE) on intestinal integrity and inflammation in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using UPLC-MS/MS analysis, eleven phytochemicals were identified in LWE, including catechin, vicenin-2, and quercetin. LWE restored transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and reduced paracellular permeability in IL-6-stimulated Caco-2 cells, increasing the expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. LWE treatment alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms in mice, reducing body weight loss, disease activity index values, and spleen size, while improving colon length and reducing serum FITC-dextran levels, indicating enhanced intestinal barrier function. LWE suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reducing protein levels of pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3, as well as mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. LWE treatment upregulated activity and mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and NQO1. Additionally, LWE modulated the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, increasing p-Nrf2 levels and decreasing Keap1 levels. LWE also restored goblet cell numbers and reduced fibrosis in DSS-induced chronic colitis mice, increasing gene and protein expressions of ZO-1 and occludin. In summary, LWE shows promise as a therapeutic intervention for reducing tissue damage and inflammation by enhancing intestinal barrier function and inhibiting colonic oxidative stress-induced inflammasome activation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Significance of Antioxidant Mechanisms in Intestinal Inflammation)
Open AccessArticle
Qualitative, Quantitative, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Profiling of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne Using Advanced Analytical Techniques
by
Divya Kumari, Devendra Singh, Mukesh Meena, Pracheta Janmeda and Manzer H. Siddiqui
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070794 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Leptadenia pyrotechnica Forssk. Decne (LP) is a medicinal herb from the Asclepiadaceae family with many advantageous properties. The goal of this research is to identify, quantify, and evaluate the antioxidant potential of LP to validate its remarkable therapeutic advantages. The hot soxhlet extraction
[...] Read more.
Leptadenia pyrotechnica Forssk. Decne (LP) is a medicinal herb from the Asclepiadaceae family with many advantageous properties. The goal of this research is to identify, quantify, and evaluate the antioxidant potential of LP to validate its remarkable therapeutic advantages. The hot soxhlet extraction method was employed to prepare different extracts of LP (stem and root). These extracts were evaluated physiochemically to check their impurity, purity, and quality; qualitatively to detect different phytochemicals; and quantitatively for phenol, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents. Then, the in vitro antioxidant potential was estimated by DPPH, NO, H2O2 scavenging assays, and MC and FRAP assays. The most prevalent phytochemicals of LP were then analysed by AAS, FT-IR, UV–visible, and GC-MS techniques. A higher extractive yield was shown by LPSE and LPRE (7.37 ± 0.11 and 5.70 ± 0.02). The LP stem showed better physicochemical and qualitative results than the root. The quantitative and in vitro antioxidant results indicated maximal phenols, tannins, and alkaloid contents in LPSE, which was further confirmed by UV–visible, FT-IR, and GC-MS results. The extraction methods (soxhlation or ultrasonication) were optimized by utilizing RSM to determine the impacts of multiple parameters. The study concluded that the plant has remarkable therapeutic advantages to promote additional clinical investigations and the mechanisms of its action.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant Methods: Antioxidant Activity in Plant Extracts)
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Open AccessArticle
Isolation, NMR Characterization, and Bioactivity of a Flavonoid Triglycoside from Anthyllis henoniana Stems: Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Effects on MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
by
Amani Ayachi, Guillaume Boy, Sonda Samet, Nathan Téné, Bouthaina Bouzayani, Michel Treilhou, Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya and Arnaud Billet
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070793 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Plant extracts are considered as a large source of active biomolecules, especially in phytosanitary and pharmacological fields. Anthyllis henoniana is a woody Saharan plant located in the big desert of North Africa. Our previous research paper proved the richness of the methanol extract
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Plant extracts are considered as a large source of active biomolecules, especially in phytosanitary and pharmacological fields. Anthyllis henoniana is a woody Saharan plant located in the big desert of North Africa. Our previous research paper proved the richness of the methanol extract obtained from the stems in flavonoids and phenolic compounds as well as its remarkable antioxidant activity. In this research, we started by investigating the phytochemical composition of the methanol extract using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Among the 41 compounds identified, we isolated and characterized (structurally and functionally) the most abundant product, a flavonoid triglycoside (AA770) not previously described in this species. This compound, which presents no cytotoxic activity, exhibits an interesting cellular antioxidant effect by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and an antiproliferative action on breast cancer cells. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the pharmacological potential of the natural compound AA770, isolated and identified from Anthyllis henoniana for the first time.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Plant Extracts—3rd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, and Liver Health in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Fed Multi-Strain Yeast-Based Paraprobiotic: A Lab-to-Pilot Scale Evaluation
by
Jie Wang, **aoze **e, Yangyang Liu, Jiacheng Liu, **aofang Liang, Hao Wang, Gang Li and Min Xue
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070792 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
A multi-strain yeast-based paraprobiotic (MsYbP) comprising inactive cells and polysaccharides (β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera jadinii could ensure optimal growth and health in farmed fish. This study assessed the impact of an MsYbP on the growth, immune
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A multi-strain yeast-based paraprobiotic (MsYbP) comprising inactive cells and polysaccharides (β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera jadinii could ensure optimal growth and health in farmed fish. This study assessed the impact of an MsYbP on the growth, immune responses, antioxidant capacities, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) through lab-scale (65 days) and pilot-scale (15 weeks) experiments. Two groups of fish were monitored: one fed a control diet without the MsYbP and another fed 0.08% and 0.1% MsYbP in the lab-scale and pilot-scale studies, respectively (referred to as YANG). In the lab-scale study, four replicates were conducted, with 20 fish per replicate (average initial body weight = 31.0 ± 0.8 g), while the pilot-scale study involved three replicates with approximately 1500 fish per replicate (average initial body weight = 80.0 ± 2.2 g). The results indicate that the MsYbP-fed fish exhibited a significant increase in growth in both studies (p < 0.05). Additionally, the dietary MsYbP led to a noteworthy reduction in the liver function parameters (p < 0.05), such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hepatic nuclear density, indicating improved liver health. Furthermore, the dietary MsYbP elevated the antioxidative capacity of the fish by reducing their malondialdehyde levels and increasing their levels and gene expressions related to antioxidative markers, such as total antioxidant ca-pacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) and kelch-1ike ech-associated protein (keap1) in both studies (p < 0.05). In terms of hepatic immune responses, the lab-scale study showed an increase in inflammation-related gene expressions, such as interleukin-1β (il-1β) and transforming growth factor β1 (tgf-β1), while the pilot-scale study significantly suppressed the expressions of genes related to inflammatory responses, such as tumor necrosis factor α(tnfα)and interleukin-10(il-10)(p < 0.05). In summary, our findings underscore the role of dietary multi-strain yeast-based paraprobiotics in enhancing the growth and liver health of largemouth bass, potentially through increased antioxidative capacity and the modulation of immune responses, emphasizing the significance of employing yeast-based paraprobiotics in commercial conditions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Nutrition in Aquatic Animals)
Open AccessReview
Redox-Regulated Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Ovarian Cancer: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities
by
Dan Liu, Zewen Hu, **zhi Lu and Cunjian Yi
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070791 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), known for its lethality and resistance to chemotherapy, is closely associated with iron metabolism and ferroptosis—an iron-dependent cell death process, distinct from both autophagy and apoptosis. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of iron metabolism could play a crucial role in
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Ovarian cancer (OC), known for its lethality and resistance to chemotherapy, is closely associated with iron metabolism and ferroptosis—an iron-dependent cell death process, distinct from both autophagy and apoptosis. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of iron metabolism could play a crucial role in OC by inducing an imbalance in the redox system, which leads to ferroptosis, offering a novel therapeutic approach. This review examines how disruptions in iron metabolism, which affect redox balance, impact OC progression, focusing on its essential cellular functions and potential as a therapeutic target. It highlights the molecular interplay, including the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), between iron metabolism and ferroptosis, and explores their interactions with key immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, as well as inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. The review also discusses how glycolysis-related iron metabolism influences ferroptosis via reactive oxygen species. Targeting these pathways, especially through agents that modulate iron metabolism and ferroptosis, presents promising therapeutic prospects. The review emphasizes the need for deeper insights into iron metabolism and ferroptosis within the redox-regulated system to enhance OC therapy and advocates for continued research into these mechanisms as potential strategies to combat OC.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Redox Biology Research in China)
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Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Novel Antioxidant Self-Assembled Peptides Extracted from Azumapecten farreri Meat: In Vitro- and In Silico-Assisted Identification
by
Shuang Zheng, Ronghua Cui, Dingyi Yu, Yanxiang Niu, Xuehan Wu, Faming Yang and **gdi Chen
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070790 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Previous studies have found that the self-assembled supramolecules of Azumapecten farreri meat peptides have antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study aims to isolate and identify novel antioxidant peptides with self-assembly characteristics and analyze their structure–activity relationship through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The
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Previous studies have found that the self-assembled supramolecules of Azumapecten farreri meat peptides have antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study aims to isolate and identify novel antioxidant peptides with self-assembly characteristics and analyze their structure–activity relationship through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The in vitro results show that as the purification steps increased, the antioxidant activity of peptides became stronger. Additionally, the purification step did not affect its pH-responsive self-assembly. Using LC-MS/MS, 298 peptide sequences were identified from the purified fraction PF1, and 12 safe and antioxidant-active peptides were acquired through in silico screening. The molecular docking results show that they had good binding interactions with key antioxidant-related protein ligands (KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) and MPO (myeloperoxidase)). The peptide QPPALNDSYLYGPQ, with the lowest docking energy, was selected for a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the peptide QPPALNDSYLYGPQ exhibited excellent stability when docked with KEAP1 and MPO, thus exerting antioxidant effects by regulating the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and inhibiting MPO activity. This study further validates the antioxidant and self-assembling properties of the self-assembled supramolecules of Azumapecten farreri meat peptide and shows its potential for develo** new, effective, and stable antioxidants.
Full article
Open AccessReview
Application of Antioxidant Compounds in Bone Defect Repair
by
Jiajia Wang, Yubing Zhang, Qingming Tang, Yinan Zhang, Ying Yin and Lili Chen
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070789 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, and infections are significant clinical challenges. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) usually accumulate in the defect area, which may impair the function of cells involved in bone formation, posing a serious challenge for bone repair. Due
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Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, and infections are significant clinical challenges. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) usually accumulate in the defect area, which may impair the function of cells involved in bone formation, posing a serious challenge for bone repair. Due to the potent ROS scavenging ability, as well as potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, antioxidants play an indispensable role in the maintenance and protection of bone health and have gained increasing attention in recent years. This narrative review aims to give an overview of the main research directions on the application of antioxidant compounds in bone defect repair over the past decade. In addition, the positive effects of various antioxidants and their biomaterial delivery systems in bone repair are summarized to provide new insights for exploring antioxidant-based strategies for bone defect repair.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Target Profile of Antioxidant Compounds, including Repurposing and Combination Strategies)
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Graphical abstract
Open AccessReview
Myeloperoxidase as a Promising Therapeutic Target after Myocardial Infarction
by
Maxwell Quinn, Richard Y. K. Zhang, Idris Bello, Kerry-Anne Rye and Shane R. Thomas
Antioxidants 2024, 13(7), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13070788 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) remain leading causes of death and disability worldwide. CAD begins with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the intimal layer of the coronary arteries, a process driven by persistent arterial inflammation and oxidation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO),
[...] Read more.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) remain leading causes of death and disability worldwide. CAD begins with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the intimal layer of the coronary arteries, a process driven by persistent arterial inflammation and oxidation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a mammalian haem peroxidase enzyme primarily expressed within neutrophils and monocytes, has been increasingly recognised as a key pro-inflammatory and oxidative enzyme promoting the development of vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture, and can precipitate a MI. Mounting evidence also implicates a pathogenic role for MPO in the inflammatory process that follows a MI, which is characterised by the rapid infiltration of activated neutrophils into the damaged myocardium and the release of MPO. Excessive and persistent cardiac inflammation impairs normal cardiac healing post-MI, resulting in adverse cardiac outcomes and poorer long-term cardiac function, and eventually heart failure. This review summarises the evidence for MPO as a significant oxidative enzyme contributing to the inappropriate inflammatory responses driving the progression of CAD and poor cardiac healing after a MI. It also details the proposed mechanisms underlying MPO’s pathogenic actions and explores MPO as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of unstable CAD and cardiac damage post-MI.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heme Peroxidases in (Patho)Physiological Reactions and Disease Progression)
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