Journal Description
Life
Life
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of scientific studies related to fundamental themes in life sciences, from basic to applied research, published monthly online by MDPI. The Astrobiology Society of Britain (ASB) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Life and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Biology) / CiteScore - Q1 (Paleontology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Life.
- Companion journals for Life include: Physiologia and Hydrobiology.
Impact Factor:
3.2 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.1 (2023)
Latest Articles
Cell Cycle Kinetics and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Mosaic Turner Syndrome
Life 2024, 14(7), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070848 (registering DOI) - 5 Jul 2024
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is caused by a complete or partial absence of an X or Y chromosome, including chromosomal mosaicism, affecting 1 in 2500 female live births. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is used as a sensitive indicator of spontaneous chromosome instability. Cells from
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Turner syndrome (TS) is caused by a complete or partial absence of an X or Y chromosome, including chromosomal mosaicism, affecting 1 in 2500 female live births. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is used as a sensitive indicator of spontaneous chromosome instability. Cells from mosaic patients constitute useful material for SCE evaluations as they grow under the influence of the same genetic background and endogenous and exogenous factors. We evaluated the proliferation dynamics and SCE frequencies of 45,X and 46,XN cells of 17 mosaic TS patients. In two participants, the 45,X cells exhibited a proliferative disadvantage in relation to 46,XN cells after 72 h of cultivation. The analysis of the mean proliferation index (PI) showed a trend for a significant difference between the 45,X and 46,X+der(X)/der(Y) cell lineages; however, there were no intra-individual differences. On the other hand, mean SCE frequencies showed that 46,X+der(X) had the highest mean value and 46,XX the lowest, with 45,X occupying an intermediate position among the lineages found in at least three participants; moreover, there were intra-individual differences in five patients. Although 46,X+der(X)/der(Y) cell lineages, found in more than 70% of participants, were the most unstable, they had a slightly higher mean PI than the 45,X cell lineages in younger (≤17 years) mosaic TS participants. This suggests that cells with a karyotype distinct from 45,X may increase with time in mosaic TS children and adolescents.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genetics and Genomics)
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Open AccessArticle
Light-Assisted Formation of Nucleosides and Nucleotides from Formamide in the Presence of Cerium Phosphate
by
Shoval Gilboa, Larisa Panz, Nitai Arbell and Yaron Paz
Life 2024, 14(7), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070846 (registering DOI) - 5 Jul 2024
Abstract
The abiotic formation of nucleotides from small, simple molecules is of large interest in the context of elucidating the origin of life scenario. In what follows, it is shown that nucleosides and nucleotides can be formed from formamide in a one-pot reaction utilizing
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The abiotic formation of nucleotides from small, simple molecules is of large interest in the context of elucidating the origin of life scenario. In what follows, it is shown that nucleosides and nucleotides can be formed from formamide in a one-pot reaction utilizing the mineral cerium phosphate (CePO4) as a photocatalyst, a catalyst and a reactant that supplies the necessary phosphate groups. While the most abundant RNA/DNA building blocks were thymidine and thymidine monophosphate, considerable yields of other building blocks such as cytidine, cytidine monophosphate, and adenosine cyclic monophosphate were found. Comparing the yield of nucleosides and nucleotides under light conditions to that in the dark suggests that in the presence of cerium phosphate, light promotes the formation of nucleobases, whereas the formation of nucleotides from nucleosides take place even in the absence of light. The scenario described herein is considerably simpler than other scenarios involving several steps and several reactants. Therefore, by virtue of the principle of Occam’s razor, it should be of large interest for the community.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Origin of Life in Chemically Complex Messy Environments: 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessCase Report
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Expect the Unexpected
by
Doina Georgescu, Daniel Florin Lighezan, Ana Lascu, Roxana Buzas, Alexandra Faur, Ioana Ionita, Ciprian Ilie Rosca, Ioana Suceava, Despina Calamar-Popovici, Mihai Ionita and Oana Elena Ancusa
Life 2024, 14(7), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070845 - 4 Jul 2024
Abstract
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a rare liver vascular condition, potentially life-threatening, with clinical signs of portal hypertension, frequently reported in relation to bone marrow transplantation and possibly in non-transplantation-related chemotherapy. We report the case of a 65-year-old female patient who insidiously
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Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a rare liver vascular condition, potentially life-threatening, with clinical signs of portal hypertension, frequently reported in relation to bone marrow transplantation and possibly in non-transplantation-related chemotherapy. We report the case of a 65-year-old female patient who insidiously developed fatigue, mild tenderness of the right upper abdominal quadrant, hepato-splenomegaly and slight weight gain consecutive to ascites development, as well as persistent elevation of transaminases and mild thrombocytopenia. To note, she had a previous history of colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastases and several courses of chemotherapy. Abdominal duplex and elastography measurements made the diagnosis of cirrhosis improbable. A lot of lab work-ups were performed in order to rule out several diseases and conditions. Further, transjugular access was used to perform the measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient and liver biopsy that confirmed SOS/VOD. In late 2023, she was diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma, requiring chemotherapy again. At present, the liver condition is stationary, but the prognosis is, however, uncertain. In conclusion, we presented the atypical case of a female patient who developed portal hypertension syndrome associated with the late onset of SOS/VOD, after 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin chemotherapy for CRC and liver metastases, subsequently diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma, which posed many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Given the potentially bad outcome, an early diagnosis of SOS/VOD in patients receiving drugs of risk is important not only to stratify further risk, but also to initiate an appropriate therapy in order to improve the prognosis.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disease)
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Open AccessReview
Exploring Varied Treatment Strategies for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
by
Amani Elshaer, David M. H. Chascsa and Blanca C. Lizaola-Mayo
Life 2024, 14(7), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070844 - 3 Jul 2024
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a liver disorder characterized by steatosis with underlying metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of MASLD continues to rise, leading to increased patient risk of various complications. Recent research has been focused on new therapeutic strategies to
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a liver disorder characterized by steatosis with underlying metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of MASLD continues to rise, leading to increased patient risk of various complications. Recent research has been focused on new therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of MASLD and provide effective treatment plans to prevent further irreversible liver damage. The treatment approach is multifactorial, with a primary focus on weight loss and management of underlying comorbidities through lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, or surgical options. Ongoing research is exploring new pharmacological therapies that could enhance the treatment of MASLD.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Everyday Clinical Practice: From Diagnosis to Therapy)
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Open AccessReview
Myocardial, Valvular and Vascular Abnormalities in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
by
Attila Nemes
Life 2024, 14(7), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070843 - 3 Jul 2024
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common heart defect associated with cyanosis characterized by the co-occurrence of pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and ventricular septal defect with over-riding of the aorta. The present review purposed to summarize myocardial, valvular and vascular abnormalities, which
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Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common heart defect associated with cyanosis characterized by the co-occurrence of pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and ventricular septal defect with over-riding of the aorta. The present review purposed to summarize myocardial, valvular and vascular abnormalities, which were described in a series of patients following repair of tetralogy of Fallot. It was also aimed to describe potential differences in these parameter using different surgical strategies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beyond Atherosclerosis: Between Unresolved Questions, Ongoing Studies, and Future Perspectives—2nd Edition)
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Open AccessReview
Emerging Transcatheter Therapies for Valvular Heart Disease: Focus on Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Procedures
by
Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, Odysseas Katsaros, Anastasios Apostolos, Maria Drakopoulou, Grigorios Tsigkas, Constantinos Tsioufis, Periklis Davlouros, Konstantinos Toutouzas and Antonios Karanasos
Life 2024, 14(7), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070842 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
The emergence of percutaneous treatment options provides novel therapeutic alternatives for older and feeble patients who are at high risk for any surgical procedure. The purpose of our review was to offer an up-to-date analysis of the rapidly expanding field of percutaneous technologies
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The emergence of percutaneous treatment options provides novel therapeutic alternatives for older and feeble patients who are at high risk for any surgical procedure. The purpose of our review was to offer an up-to-date analysis of the rapidly expanding field of percutaneous technologies for mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary procedures. Edge-to-edge repair is an established treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation (MR), while transcatheter mitral valve replacement is a potential and expanding option for managing both secondary and primary MR. However, additional advancements are necessary to enhance the safety and feasibility of this procedure. Transcatheter tricuspid intervention is an emerging option that was conceived after the success of transcatheter procedures in aortic and mitral valves, and it is currently still in the early stages of advancement. This can be attributed, at least in part, to the previously overlooked effect of tricuspid regurgitation on patient outcomes. The development of edge-to-edge repair represents the forefront of innovations in transcatheter procedures. There is a scarcity of data about tricuspid annuloplasty and replacement, and further study is necessary. Transcatheter mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary procedures show prospects for the future, while their role in clinical practice has not been definitively established.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Thoracic Surgery)
Open AccessArticle
The Morphology of the Femur Influences the Fracture Risk during Stumbling and Falls on the Hip—A Computational Biomechanical Study
by
Jan-Oliver Sass, Michael Saemann, Maeruan Kebbach, Ehsan Soodmand, Andreas Wree, Rainer Bader and Daniel Kluess
Life 2024, 14(7), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070841 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
Proximal femur fracture risk depends on subject-specific factors such as bone mineral density and morphological parameters. Here, we aim to analyze the dependency of the femoral strength on sixteen morphological parameters. Therefore, finite-element analyses of 20 human femurs during stumbling and lateral falls
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Proximal femur fracture risk depends on subject-specific factors such as bone mineral density and morphological parameters. Here, we aim to analyze the dependency of the femoral strength on sixteen morphological parameters. Therefore, finite-element analyses of 20 human femurs during stumbling and lateral falls on the hip were conducted. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and morphological parameters with significant correlations were examined in principal component analysis and linear regression analysis. The dependency of the fracture strength on morphological parameters was more pronounced during lateral falls on the hip compared to stumbling. Significant correlations were observed between the neck shaft angle (r = −0.474), neck diameter (r = 0.507), the true distance between the femoral head center and femoral shaft axis (r = 0.459), and its projected distance on the frontal plane (r = 0.511), greater trochanter height (r = 0.497), and distance between the femoral head center and a plane parallel to the frontal plane containing the projection of the femoral head center to the femoral neck axis (r = 0.669). Principal component analysis was strongly weighted by parameters defining the lever arm during a lateral fall as well as the loaded cross-section in the femoral neck.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System)
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Open AccessArticle
A Comparative Morphological Study on the Characteristics of Egg Envelopes of Three Cultrinae Fishes (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) in Korea
by
Cheol-Woo Park and Jae-Goo Kim
Life 2024, 14(7), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070840 - 1 Jul 2024
Abstract
Three species of subfamily Cultrinae currently live in Korea, but Erythroculter erythropterus has been introduced into the Nakdonggang River and has taken over the habitat, reducing the habitat of Culter brevicauda. Only the endangered species C. brevicauda still lives in the Yeongsangang
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Three species of subfamily Cultrinae currently live in Korea, but Erythroculter erythropterus has been introduced into the Nakdonggang River and has taken over the habitat, reducing the habitat of Culter brevicauda. Only the endangered species C. brevicauda still lives in the Yeongsangang River, and it is necessary to be careful not to introduce E. erythropterus in the future. Hemiculter eigenmanni is also found throughout the country. In order to effectively manage and conserve the species in its various habitats and against invasions, this study was initiated. The ultrastructure of the egg envelopes of three species of Cultrinae inhabiting the Geumgang and Yeongsangang Rivers—E. erythropterus, C. brevicauda, and H. eigenmanni—were observed. It was found that the zona radiata of the egg envelopes of all three species were divided into two layers, an outer and inner layer, with the outer surface having a non-structural form. This form is characteristic of fishes with muddy, stagnant habitats or spawning grounds. The number of pore canals on the surface of the egg envelopes was 83 for E. erythropterus, 75 for C. brevicauda, and 58 for H. eigenmanni per 10 μm2, and the thickness was 7.89 ± 0.34 μm, 12.27 ± 0.46 μm, and 7.42 ± 0.24 μm, respectively. The shape of the micropyle demonstrated a funnel shape narrowing toward the inner diameter in all three species, and the size of the inner diameter was 6.62 ± 0.29 μm in E. erythropterus, 4.19 ± 0.39 μm in C. brevicauda, and 3.98 ± 0.46 μm in H. eigenmanni. The differences between species were identified in the number of pore canals, thickness, and micropyle inner diameter of egg envelopes, which were species-specific. Our study reveals a morphological mechanism in the egg envelope that prevents the formation of interspecific hybrids, and these features can be taxonomic traits that clarify species names. It also provides useful data for the production (breeding) of the second generation in aquaculture.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Aquaculture and Fish Reproduction)
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Open AccessArticle
Therapeutic Effect of Donepezil on Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment after Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
by
Dong Hyuk Youn, Younghyurk Lee, Sung Woo Han, Jong-Tae Kim, Harry Jung, Gui Seung Han, Jung In Yoon, Jae Jun Lee and ** Pyeong Jeon
Life 2024, 14(7), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070839 - 1 Jul 2024
Abstract
Background: Despite the important clinical issue of cognitive impairment after moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), there is currently no suitable treatment. Here, we used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the effect of Donepezil—an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor—on cognitive impairment in the
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Background: Despite the important clinical issue of cognitive impairment after moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), there is currently no suitable treatment. Here, we used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the effect of Donepezil—an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor—on cognitive impairment in the acute period following injury, while focusing on neuroinflammation and autophagy- and mitophagy-related markers. Methods: The purpose of the in vitro study was to investigate potential neuroprotective effects in TBI-induced cells after donepezil treatment, and the in vivo study, the purpose was to investigate therapeutic effects on cognitive impairment in the acute period after injury by analyzing neuroinflammation and autophagy- and mitophagy-related markers. The in vitro TBI model involved injuring SH-SY5Y cells using a cell-injury controller and then investigating the effect of donepezil at a concentration of 80 μM. The in vivo TBI model was made using a stereotaxic impactor for male C57BL/6J mice. Immuno-histochemical markers and cognitive functions were compared after 7 days of donepezil treatment (1 mg/kg/day). Mice were divided into four groups: sham operation with saline treatment, sham operation with donepezil treatment, TBI with saline treatment, and TBI with donepezil treatment (18 mice in each group). Donepezil treatment was administered within 4 h post-TBI. Results: In vitro, donepezil was found to lead to increased cell viability and 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimi-dazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1), along with decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), 2′-7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA)-positive cells, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. The mRNA and protein expressions of neuroinflammation (Cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2; NOD-like receptor protein 3, NLRP3; Caspase-1; and Interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β), as well as autophagy- and mitophagy-related markers (death-associated protein kinase 1, DAPK1; PTEN-induced kinase 1, PINK1; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like, BNIP3L; Beclin-1, BECN1; BCL2-associated X protein, BAX; microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B (LC3B); Sequestosome-1; and p62) were all found to decrease after donepezil treatment. The in vivo study also showed that donepezil treatment resulted in decreased levels of cortical tissue losses and brain swelling in TBI compared to the TBI group without donepezil treatment. Donepezil treatment was also shown to decrease the mRNA and Western blotting expressions of all markers, and especially COX-2 and BNIP3L, which showed the most significant decreases. Moreover, TBI mice showed an decreased escape latency, increased alteration rate, and improved preference index, altogether pointing to better cognitive performance after donepezil treatment. Conclusions: Donepezil treatment may be beneficial in improving cognitive impairment in the early phase of moderate traumatic brain injury by ameliorating neuroinflammation, as well as autophagy and mitophagy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, 2nd Volume)
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Open AccessArticle
Clinical Tools for Optimizing Therapeutic Decision-Making in Prostate Cancer: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis
by
Silviu Constantin Latcu, Alin Adrian Cumpanas, Vlad Barbos, Victor-Bogdan Buciu, Marius Raica, Flavia Baderca, Pusa Nela Gaje, Raluca Amalia Ceausu, Cristina-Stefania Dumitru, Dorin Novacescu, Talida Georgiana Cut and Ligia Petrica
Life 2024, 14(7), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070838 - 30 Jun 2024
Abstract
The effective staging of prostate cancer is essential for optimizing treatment and predicting outcomes. This study assessed the correlation between detailed preoperative diagnostic scores and postoperative outcomes to evaluate the accuracy of cancer restaging and its impact on treatment decisions and prognosis after
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The effective staging of prostate cancer is essential for optimizing treatment and predicting outcomes. This study assessed the correlation between detailed preoperative diagnostic scores and postoperative outcomes to evaluate the accuracy of cancer restaging and its impact on treatment decisions and prognosis after prostatectomy. This retrospective study analyzed 133 prostate cancer patients who underwent prostatectomies at “Pius Brinzeu” Clinical Emergency Hospital in Timisoara over five years. Preoperative Gleason scores increased significantly across risk categories, from an average of 6.21 in low-risk patients to 7.57 in high-risk patients. This trend continued postoperatively, with scores rising from 7.04 to 8.33, respectively. The average increase in Gleason scores from preoperative to postoperative assessments was most pronounced in high-risk patients, at 0.76. Significant changes in clinical staging included increases in NCCN risk, where high-risk patients showed a 30% increase, and ISUP grade, with a 26.7% increase in the high-risk category. Notably, nodal status changes were also significant in high-risk patients, showing a 23.3% increase. The incidence of MRI-detected adenopathy was notably higher in the high-risk group (50%). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the preoperative CAPRA score and postoperative ISUP grade (r = 0.261) and the preoperative PIRADS score and postoperative ISUP grade (r = 0.306). Similar observations were made between the preoperative and postoperative Gleason scores (r = 0.286) and the number of positive fragments (r = 0.227) with the postoperative ISUP grading. Furthermore, the preoperative CAPRA score was significantly correlated (r = 0.261) with the postoperative ISUP grading. Preoperative MRI findings, which included assessments of adenopathy and seminal vesicle invasion, were also significantly correlated (r = 0.218) with the postoperative pathological findings. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between the preoperative PIRADS score and postoperative ISUP grade (r = 0.306). In forecasting the aggressiveness and staging of prostate cancer following surgery, preoperative PSA levels showed an AUC of 0.631; the preoperative Gleason score had an AUC adjusted to 0.582, and the number of positive biopsy fragments indicated an AUC of 0.566. These results highlight the necessity of accurate and comprehensive preoperative assessments to better predict disease progression and refine treatment strategies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer: 3rd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Agreement between Ultra-Short-Term and Standard Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Resting and Post-Exercise Conditions
by
Kai **, Zhenxiang Guo, Zining Qiao, Meng Liu, Yi Yang and Changnan Xu
Life 2024, 14(7), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070837 - 30 Jun 2024
Abstract
Background: Short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is widely used in assessing autonomic nervous system activity during exercise. While shortening the HRV measurement duration can help improve its application efficiency, its accuracy needs to be verified. This study investigated the agreement
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Background: Short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is widely used in assessing autonomic nervous system activity during exercise. While shortening the HRV measurement duration can help improve its application efficiency, its accuracy needs to be verified. This study investigated the agreement between ultra-short-term (UST) HRV (3 or 4 min) and standard 5 min HRV and explored the optimal recording duration under resting and post-exercise conditions. Methods: Fourteen participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% of their maximum peak power. Data were collected during the rest condition (Pre-E) and three post-exercise conditions (Post-E1, Post-E2, and Post-E3), with indicators of the standard deviation (SDNN) of the ultra-short and short-term RR intervals and the root mean square (RMSSD) of the continuous difference between RR intervals. Repeated measures ANOVA, Cohen’s d statistic, Bland–Altman analysis, and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed the agreement between UST-HRV and ST-HRV. Results: The consistency results of SDNN and RMSSD in resting and post-exercise were different. At the Pre-E, Post-E2, and Post-E3 phases, no statistical differences for SDNN and RMSSD were observed, with ICCs surpassing 0.9, indicating a high level of agreement. However, at Post-E2, there was a significant difference between 3 min RMSSD and 5 min RMSSD (p < 0.05), as well as between 3 min SDNN, 4 min SDNN, and 5 min SDNN (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the limits of agreement were observed to decrease as the time duration increased in Bland–Altman plots. Conclusions: UST-HRV analysis is a reliable substitute for standard 5 min HRV assessment, particularly during resting conditions. For post-exercise measurements, assessing the appropriateness of a 3- or 4 min duration based on the exercise’s length is recommended to ensure accuracy and reliability.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field)
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Open AccessArticle
The Impact of Birth Season and Sex on Motor Skills in 2-Year-Old Children: A Study in **hua, Eastern China
by
Yuanye Zhu, Shuying Wang, Yongdong Qian, Jiahui Hu, Huiling Zhou, Mallikarjuna Korivi, Weibing Ye and Rong Zhu
Life 2024, 14(7), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070836 - 30 Jun 2024
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the effects of birth season and sex on the development of gross and fine motor skills in 2-year-old children in **hua, Eastern China. Methods: Conducted in **hua, a city in central Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, this research involved 225
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Background: This study investigates the effects of birth season and sex on the development of gross and fine motor skills in 2-year-old children in **hua, Eastern China. Methods: Conducted in **hua, a city in central Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, this research involved 225 children, assessing their gross and fine motor skills using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition. Scores were adjusted for age in months to avoid the relative age effect. Statistical analyses included MANOVA to evaluate the impacts of season and sex. Results: Sex had no significant impact on overall motor development scores (p > 0.05). However, the season of birth significantly affected fine motor quotient (FMQ) and total motor quotient (TMQ) (p < 0.05). Boys’ motor skills were generally unaffected by season, whereas girls born in winter exhibited superior fine motor skills compared to those born in summer. Conclusions: Seasonal environmental factors significantly influence early motor development, particularly fine motor skills in girls. These findings highlight the importance of considering seasonal variations in early childhood interventions aimed at enhancing exercise physiology and sports performance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Exercise Physiology and Sports Performance)
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Open AccessProtocol
Comprehensive Evaluation of a Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device (LNG-IUD), Metformin, and Liraglutide for Fertility Preservation in Endometrial Cancer: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
by
Gergő Leipold, Richárd Tóth, Péter Hársfalvi, Lotti Lőczi, Marianna Török, Attila Keszthelyi, Nándor Ács, Balázs Lintner, Szabolcs Várbíró and Márton Keszthelyi
Life 2024, 14(7), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070835 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy, with obesity being a significant risk factor due to increased estrogen production in body fat. Current treatments often involve hysterectomy, which precludes fertility, thus highlighting the need for fertility-preserving options. This study aims to evaluate the
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Endometrial cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy, with obesity being a significant risk factor due to increased estrogen production in body fat. Current treatments often involve hysterectomy, which precludes fertility, thus highlighting the need for fertility-preserving options. This study aims to evaluate the combined efficacy of a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD), metformin, and liraglutide for treating women with endometrial hyperplasia or early stage endometrial cancer while preserving fertility. The study will enroll 264 women aged 18–45 with a BMI > 30 who desire uterine preservation. Participants will be randomized into three groups: LNG-IUD alone, LNG-IUD plus metformin, and LNG-IUD plus metformin and liraglutide. Primary outcomes will include complete pathological remission, while secondary outcomes will assess histological changes, glucose, insulin levels, and weight changes over a 12-month period. This study protocol hypothesizes that LNG-IUD combined with metformin and liraglutide may potentially lead to higher regression rates of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and early stage endometrial cancer (EC) compared to LNG-IUD alone. Furthermore, the protocol anticipates that these combination therapies will demonstrate good tolerability with minimal adverse effects, suggesting the potential benefit of integrating metabolic interventions with LNG-IUD to enhance treatment efficacy while preserving fertility in women with EH and EC.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Clinical Trials)
Open AccessArticle
Characteristics, Relationships, and Anatomical Basis of Leaf Hydraulic Traits and Economic Traits in Temperate Desert Shrub Species
by
Fengsen Tan, Wenxu Cao, Xu Li and Qinghe Li
Life 2024, 14(7), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070834 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Shrubs are a key component of desert ecosystems, playing a crucial role in controlling desertification and promoting revegetation, yet their growth is often impeded by drought. Leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits are both involved in the process of water exchange for carbon
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Shrubs are a key component of desert ecosystems, playing a crucial role in controlling desertification and promoting revegetation, yet their growth is often impeded by drought. Leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits are both involved in the process of water exchange for carbon dioxide. Exploring the characteristics, relationships, and anatomical basis of these two suites of traits is crucial to understanding the mechanism of desert shrubs adapting to the desert arid environment. However, the relationship between these two sets of traits currently remains ambiguous. This study explored the leaf hydraulic, economic, and anatomical traits of 19 desert shrub species. The key findings include the following: Relatively larger LT values and smaller SLA values were observed in desert shrubs, aligning with the “slow strategy” in the leaf economics spectrum. The relatively high P50leaf, low HSMleaf, negative TLPleaf, and positive HSMtlp values indicated that severe embolism occurs in the leaves during the dry season, while most species were able to maintain normal leaf expansion. This implies a “tolerance” leaf hydraulic strategy in response to arid stress. No significant relationship was observed between P50leaf and Kmax, indicating the absence of a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and embolism resistance. Certain coupling relationships were observed between leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits, both of which were closely tied to anatomical structures. Out of all of the leaf traits, LT was the central trait of the leaf traits network. The positive correlation between C content and WPleaf and HSMleaf, as well as the positive correlation between N content and HSMtlp, suggested that the cost of leaf construction was synergistic with hydraulic safety. The negative correlation between SLA, P content, GCL, and SAI suggested a functional synergistic relationship between water use efficiency and gas exchange rate. In summary, this research revealed that the coupling relationship between leaf hydraulic traits and economic traits was one of the important physiological and ecological mechanisms of desert shrubs for adapting to desert habitats.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 2024)
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Open AccessReview
Technology and Future of Multi-Cancer Early Detection
by
Danny A. Milner, Jr. and Jochen K. Lennerz
Life 2024, 14(7), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070833 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection is essential for improving patient outcomes, yet current diagnostic methods lack the sensitivity and specificity needed for identifying early-stage cancers. Here, we explore the potential of
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Cancer remains a significant global health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection is essential for improving patient outcomes, yet current diagnostic methods lack the sensitivity and specificity needed for identifying early-stage cancers. Here, we explore the potential of multi-omics approaches, which integrate genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data, to enhance early cancer detection. We highlight the challenges and benefits of data integration from these diverse sources and discuss successful examples of multi-omics applications in other fields. By leveraging these advanced technologies, multi-omics can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of early cancer diagnostics, leading to better patient outcomes and more personalized cancer care. We underscore the transformative potential of multi-omics approaches in revolutionizing early cancer detection and the need for continued research and clinical integration.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches to Early Cancer Detection)
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Open AccessReview
Start Strong, Finish Strong: A Review of Prehabilitation in Cardiac Surgery
by
Vincent Bargnes III, Steven Davidson, Lillian Talbot, Zhaosheng **, Jeremy Poppers and Sergio D. Bergese
Life 2024, 14(7), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070832 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Cardiac surgery constitutes a significant surgical insult in a patient population that is often marred by significant comorbidities, including frailty and reduced physiological reserve. Prehabilitation programs seek to improve patient outcomes and recovery from surgery by implementing a number of preoperative optimization initiatives.
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Cardiac surgery constitutes a significant surgical insult in a patient population that is often marred by significant comorbidities, including frailty and reduced physiological reserve. Prehabilitation programs seek to improve patient outcomes and recovery from surgery by implementing a number of preoperative optimization initiatives. Since the initial trial of cardiac prehabilitation twenty-four years ago, new data have emerged on how to best utilize this tool for the perioperative care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This review will explore recent cardiac prehabilitation investigations, provide clinical considerations for an effective cardiac prehabilitation program, and create a framework for future research studies.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Surgery: Recent Advances)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
The Effect of Lumbopelvic Manipulation for Pain Reduction in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by
Long-Huei Lin, Ting-Yu Lin, Ke-Vin Chang, Wei-Ting Wu and Levent Özçakar
Life 2024, 14(7), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070831 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common etiologies of knee pain and might be relieved with lumbopelvic manipulation (LPM). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of LPM on pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Electronic databases were searched from
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Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common etiologies of knee pain and might be relieved with lumbopelvic manipulation (LPM). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of LPM on pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of LPM on PFPS. The primary outcome was the change in visual analog or numeric rating scale scores assessing pain. Ten studies comprising 346 participants were included. Significant pain reduction was noted in the LPM group (Hedges’ g = −0.706, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.197 to −0.214, p = 0.005, = 79.624%) compared with the control group. Moreover, pain relief was more pronounced when LPM was combined with other physical therapies (Hedges’ g = −0.701, 95% CI = −1.386 to −0.017, p = 0.045, = 73.537%). No adverse events were reported during the LPM. The LPM appears to be a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Clinicians should consider adding LPM to other physical therapies (e.g., quadriceps muscle strengthening) during the management of these patients.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Musculoskeletal Pain)
Open AccessReview
Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Human Male Gametes: Damage or Benefit
by
Tsvetomira Dimitrova, Elena Hristova and Nadya Petrova
Life 2024, 14(7), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070830 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
With the improvement of medical devices for diagnosis and radiotherapy, concerns about the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation are also growing. There is no consensus among scientists on whether they might have beneficial effects on humans in certain cases or pose
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With the improvement of medical devices for diagnosis and radiotherapy, concerns about the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation are also growing. There is no consensus among scientists on whether they might have beneficial effects on humans in certain cases or pose more risks, making the exposure unreasonable. While the damaging consequences of high-dose radiation have been known since the discovery of radioactivity, low-dose effects present a much bigger investigative challenge. They are highly specific and include radio-adaptive responses, bystander effects, and genomic instability. Current data regarding the consequences of exposure to low-dose radiation on the quality of male gametes and fertility potential are contradictory. The reports suggest two directions: indirect impact on male gametes—through spermatogenesis—or direct effects at low doses on already mature spermatozoa. Although mature gametes are used for observation in both models, they are fundamentally different, leading to varied results. Due to their unique physiological characteristics, in certain cases, exposure of spermatozoa to low-dose ionizing radiation could have positive effects. Despite the findings indicating no beneficial effects of low-dose exposure on male fertility, it is essential to research its impact on mature spermatozoa, as well.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research on Male Reproduction)
Open AccessArticle
Analysis of a Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability Model in the Rat: Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research
by
Ibrahim Saliba, Manon Bachy-Razzouk, Morad Bensidhoum, Thierry Hoc, Esther Potier, Raphaël Vialle and Alexandre Hardy
Life 2024, 14(7), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070829 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential osteoarthritic alterations within the ankle using a surgically-induced chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) model. Twelve rats were assigned randomly to either the control (n = 4) or CLAI group (n = 8).
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential osteoarthritic alterations within the ankle using a surgically-induced chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) model. Twelve rats were assigned randomly to either the control (n = 4) or CLAI group (n = 8). Surgery was performed on the right ankle. Osteoarthritis was assessed through in-vivo micro-CT at 8 weeks and a clinical analysis. Macroscopic analysis, high-resolution ex-vivo micro-CT and histological examination were conducted after euthanasia at 12 weeks. Three subgroups (SG) were analyzed. SG1 comprised the operated ankles of the CLAI group (n = 8). SG2 consisted of the non-operated ankles of the CLAI group (n = 8). SG3 included both sides of the control group (n = 8). In-vivo micro-CT revealed no significant differences among the three subgroups when analyzed together (p = 0.42), and when comparing SG1 with SG2 (p = 0.23) and SG3 (p = 0.43) individually. No noticeable clinical differences were observed. After euthanasia, macroscopic analysis employing OARSI score, did not demonstrate significant differences, except between the medial tibia of SG1 and SG3 (p = 0.03), and in the total score comparison between these two subgroups (p = 0.015). Ex-vivo micro-CT did not reveal any differences between the three subgroups regarding bony irregularities and BV/TV measurements (SG1 vs. SG2 vs. SG3: p = 0.72; SG1 vs. SG2: p = 0.80; SG1 vs. SG3: p = 0.72). Finally, there was no difference between the three subgroups regarding OARSI histologic score (p = 0.27). These findings indicate that the current model failed to induce significant osteoarthritis. However, they lay the groundwork for improving the model’s effectiveness and expanding its use in CLAI research, aiming to enhance understanding of this pathology and reduce unnecessary animal sacrifice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Application of Animal Models: From Physiology to Pathology)
Open AccessSystematic Review
The Use of Ascorbic Acid in Adjunctive Treatment for Schizophrenia—Current State of Knowledge
by
Patrycja Piłat, Kamil Nikel, Joanna Smolarczyk and Magdalena Piegza
Life 2024, 14(7), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070828 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by disturbances in the perception of reality, thinking, emotions, and social functioning. This significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and leads to long-term disability. Despite advances in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment, schizophrenia remains a
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Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by disturbances in the perception of reality, thinking, emotions, and social functioning. This significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and leads to long-term disability. Despite advances in understanding its pathogenesis and treatment, schizophrenia remains a clinical challenge, especially due to the diversity of its symptoms and the complexity of its mechanisms. Schizophrenia is associated with abnormal functioning of the dopaminergic system, disturbances in glutamatergic neurotransmission, and oxidative stress in the brain. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in optimizing the treatment of mental disorders. The potential use of ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, in the therapy of schizophrenia could bring substantial benefits to patients. Ascorbic acid exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, suggesting its potential efficacy in reducing brain oxidative stress and improving neurotransmission. Additionally, there have been reports of its positive effects on psychotic symptoms and its potential in reducing the side effects of antipsychotic drugs. In this review article, we present the current state of knowledge on the potential use of ascorbic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia as an adjunct to standard pharmacological therapy. We analyze existing clinical studies and the mechanisms of action of vitamin C, suggesting its promising role as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. These insights, though not yet widely disseminated, may be significant for the further development of therapeutic strategies for this mental illness.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Implication of Psychoactive Substance Consumption)
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