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Applied Sciences
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Water Treatment: From Membrane Processes to Renewable Energies
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Water Treatment: From Membrane Processes to Renewable Energies

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2024 | Viewed by 4566

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Negisa Darajeh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aurecon, Land and Water Team, 110 Carlton Gore Road, Newmarket, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
Interests: sustainable development; energy conservation; green technologies; climate change; renewable energy sources; water pollution; water management; water treatment technologies; wastewater treatment; water reuse; biofiltration; carbon footprint; eco-friendly solutions; water purification; environmental impact assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shahabaldin Rezania

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Interests: wastewater treatment; biotechnology; fermentation; biofuel and bio energies; plant sciences; waste management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water treatment is of utmost importance for ensuring access to clean and safe water, and its significance continues to grow in the face of increasing global water scarcity and environmental concerns. The Special Issue on "Water Treatment: From Membrane Processes to Renewable Energies" aims to present a collection of research papers, review articles, and case studies that explore the latest advancements and applications in the field. This Special Issue focuses on the integration of membrane processes and renewable energy technologies to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and reliability of water treatment systems. By combining the expertise of researchers and practitioners from various disciplines, this Special Issue strives to provide insights into innovative membrane technologies, renewable energy-driven water treatment processes, hybrid systems, and advanced monitoring techniques. The ultimate goal is to foster sustainable water treatment practices that address the global water challenges we face today.

Dr. Negisa Darajeh
Dr. Shahabaldin Rezania
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at mdpi.longhoe.net by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water treatment
  • water quality analysis
  • membrane technologies
  • membrane processes
  • renewable energies
  • sustainability
  • water scarcity
  • reverse osmosis
  • nanofiltration
  • ultrafiltration
  • microfiltration
  • energy efficiency

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2761 KiB  
Article
The Energies of Activation and Deactivation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Degradation by Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on the Modified Nanofibrous Membrane
by Justyna Miłek
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2423; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062423 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 476
Abstract
Chlorophenol compounds pose a health risk to many organisms due to their toxicity. The present paper presents the estimation of the activation and deactivation energies and the optimum temperatures of 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The activities of horseradish peroxidase depending on [...] Read more.
Chlorophenol compounds pose a health risk to many organisms due to their toxicity. The present paper presents the estimation of the activation and deactivation energies and the optimum temperatures of 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The activities of horseradish peroxidase depending on temperature were analyzed. In a mathematical model, describing 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation by HRP was assumed that both the 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation and the deactivation of HRP were first-order reactions by the enzyme concentration. The parameters of the optimum temperatures Topt, the activation energies Er, and the deactivation energies Ed in the process of 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation by HRP immobilized on a modified nanofibrous membrane were determined kd and t1/2 were determined for HRP immobilized at temperatures in the range of 25 °C to 75 °C. Likewise, thermodynamic parameters such as the change in the enthalpy ∆H#, change in entropy ∆S#, the change in Gibbs free energy ∆G# for native HPR and the change in the enthalpy ∆Hd#, change in entropy ∆Sd#, and the change in Gibbs free energy ∆Gd# for deactivated HRP were determined at 25 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment: From Membrane Processes to Renewable Energies)
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20 pages, 2643 KiB  
Article
Spatial Distribution, Risk Index, and Correlation of Heavy Metals in the Chuhe River (Yangtze Tributary): Preliminary Research Analysis of Surface Water and Sediment Contamination
by Adharsh Rajasekar, Raphinos Tackmore Murava, Eyram Norgbey and Xukun Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 904; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020904 - 20 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1349
Abstract
This comprehensive study aimed to evaluate the water quality and sediment contamination in the Chuhe River in Nan**g. The spatial assessment of 10 samples collected in September highlighted that, in surface water, Copper (Cu) > Nickel (Ni) > Zinc (Zn) > Chromium (Cr) [...] Read more.
This comprehensive study aimed to evaluate the water quality and sediment contamination in the Chuhe River in Nan**g. The spatial assessment of 10 samples collected in September highlighted that, in surface water, Copper (Cu) > Nickel (Ni) > Zinc (Zn) > Chromium (Cr) > Lead (Pb) > Arsenic (As) > Cadmium (Cd) > Mercury (Hg), whereas in sediments, Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Hg. The coefficient of variation (CV) for Ni and Zn in surface water was >15, whereas As, Cu, Pb, and Ni had a CV that was higher than 15 in sediments, indicating variability in contamination sources. The Pollution Load Index values ranged between 2.16 and 3.05, reflecting varying contamination levels across samples. The Geoaccumulation Index data also showed moderate-to-considerable contamination, especially for elements such as Cd and Cu. Correlation analyses in water and sediments unearthed significant relationships, with notable links between Cu and Pb in the water and strong correlations between As and Cu and between Cr and Ni in sediments. In sediments, Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus were significantly correlated with As, Cu, Pb, and Ni. The Potential Ecological Response Index for sediments indicated that they are at medium to high risk (307.47 ± 33.17) and could be potentially detrimental to aquatic life in the tributary. The tributary, influenced by agricultural runoff, residential areas, and other anthropogenic activities, showed that despite Nemerow pollution index values for water samples being below 1, sediment analysis indicated areas of concern. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify the potential sources of heavy metal contamination. In surface water, shared negative loadings on PC 1 (60.11%) indicated a unified influence, likely from agricultural runoff, while PC 2 (14.26%) revealed additional complexities. Sediments exhibited a unique signature on PC 1 (67.05%), associated with cumulative agricultural impacts, with PC 2 (18.08%) providing insights into nuanced factors, such as sediment composition and dynamic interactions. These findings offer a complete insight into the Chuhe River tributary’s condition, underlining the urgency for ongoing monitoring and potential remediation measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment: From Membrane Processes to Renewable Energies)
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15 pages, 7233 KiB  
Article
Effect of Electric Field on Membrane Fouling and Membrane Performance in Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Brackish Water
by Caixia Fu, Xuenong Yi and Yuqiong Gao
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020575 - 9 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 940
Abstract
One of the most important applied technologies in water treatment is reverse osmosis (RO). However, membrane fouling and flux reduction pose significant challenges. The electric field, as an effective preventive measure, has received limited attention in RO applications. In this study, we added [...] Read more.
One of the most important applied technologies in water treatment is reverse osmosis (RO). However, membrane fouling and flux reduction pose significant challenges. The electric field, as an effective preventive measure, has received limited attention in RO applications. In this study, we added electric fields to finished rolled RO membranes to investigate their effect on membrane fouling and desalination performance. Experimental results indicated that higher electric fields were associated with higher concentrations of treated brine, resulting in a more significant effect. Permeate flux ratios increased with increasing voltage, with peaks of 1.02% (1000 mg/L, 25 V), 1.23% (2000 mg/L, 25 V), and 1.37% (3000 mg/L, 25 V), respectively. Additionally, the maximum reduction in the specific energy consumption (SEC) was 31% (2000 mg/L, 25 V) and 59% (3000 mg/L, 25 V), respectively. Notably, electric fields had a retarding effect on Ca2+ and humic acid (HA) fouling, with a stronger effect on HA, and higher permeate flux was maintained even after 120 h of operation. While this study visually demonstrates the direct effect of electric fields on RO, further quantification of the economic benefits of this method and a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind how the electric field enhances permeate flux and mitigates membrane fouling are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment: From Membrane Processes to Renewable Energies)
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14 pages, 2883 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of the Desalination Process for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Using Plate and Frame Membrane Module
by Yukang Zhou, Long Chen, Mengtao Huang, Weilian Hu, Guicai Chen and Binxin Wu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9439; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169439 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1293
Abstract
Through experiments, the effect of membrane material selection and operating conditions on permeate fluxes in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) desalination was investigated. The experiment used a plate and frame membrane module, and with nine different hydrophobic porous membranes, a comparative analysis of [...] Read more.
Through experiments, the effect of membrane material selection and operating conditions on permeate fluxes in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) desalination was investigated. The experiment used a plate and frame membrane module, and with nine different hydrophobic porous membranes, a comparative analysis of the desalination performance of 3 wt% NaCl solution was performed. The results of this experiment were compared to find out the effect of different materials, pore sizes and membrane thicknesses on the permeate flux under same operating conditions. Further, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was designed. The effects of hot-side temperature, hot-side inlet flow and cold-side inlet flow on the permeate flux of PTFE membranes with a pore size of 0.22 μm were investigated when the temperature on the cold side was set at 20 °C. The results showed that in the DCMD experiments, both PTFE and PVDF membranes performed well, and that hot-side inlet temperatures and cold-side inlet flow rates had significant effects on the permeate flux. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Treatment: From Membrane Processes to Renewable Energies)
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