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The Protection and Toxic Reactions of Dietary Supplements: Focusing on Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioorganic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 4718

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Neuman Manuela

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Département of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2R 1W6, Canada
Interests: inflammation and repair in liver disease; clinical, translational and molecular events in liver disease; gastroenterology; autoimmune hepatitis; alcoholic and non-alcoholic steato hepatitis; metabolic diseases; drug-induced organ injury; drug-induced liver injury; personalized therapies in the diseases of the liver; personalized immuno-oncology in hepatocellular carcinoma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary supplements include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, whey protein, creatine, and more. Dietary supplements and herbal medicines are very popular in many countries now. Although most people believe that dietary supplements can help us become more healthy, serious toxicities do occur due to the consumption of too many supplements. Some supplements can also cause problems if taken with certain medicines. For example, vitamins C and E may reduce the effectiveness of some chemotherapy drugs.

Complementary medicine is frequently integrated with conventional medicine. Prescription medicines are thoroughly tested before receiving regulatory approval, but despite this, real-world experience reveals undetectable adverse events in clinical trials. Complementary and alternative medicine are considered non-toxic by consumers. However, many of them might produce adverse reactions or interact with prescription medicine.

This Special Issue aims to report all the adverse effects of dietary supplements. We welcome the discussion of adverse events for commonly used supplements such as vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and so on. We will also look into the protective or harmful effects of complementary and alternative use.

Importantly, the exact active ingredients of the natural origin extracts must be reported in submitted research manuscripts.

Prof. Dr. Neuman Manuela
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at mdpi.longhoe.net by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary supplements
  • toxic reactions
  • protection mechanisms
  • bioactives
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • amino acids

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2049 KiB  
Article
Feasibility Trial Exploring Immune-Related Biomarkers Pertaining to Rapid Immune Surveillance and Cytokine Changes after Consuming a Nutraceutical Supplement Containing Colostrum- and Egg-Based Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides
by Liu Yu, Ifeanyi Iloba, Dina Cruickshank and Gitte S. Jensen
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(7), 6710-6724; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46070400 (registering DOI) - 30 Jun 2024
Viewed by 232
Abstract
Immune protection associated with consuming colostrum-based peptides is effective against bacterial and viral insults. The goal for this study was to document acute changes to immune surveillance and cytokine levels after consuming a single dose of a nutraceutical blend in the absence of [...] Read more.
Immune protection associated with consuming colostrum-based peptides is effective against bacterial and viral insults. The goal for this study was to document acute changes to immune surveillance and cytokine levels after consuming a single dose of a nutraceutical blend in the absence of an immune challenge. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study involved healthy participants attending two clinic visits. Blood draws were performed pre-consumption and at 1, 2, and 24 h after consuming a blend of bovine colostrum- and hen’s egg-based low-molecular-weight peptides (CELMPs) versus a placebo. Immunophenoty** was performed by flow cytometry, and serum cytokines were measured by multiplex cytokine arrays. Consumption of CELMPs triggered increased immune surveillance after 1 h, involving monocytes (p < 0.1), natural killer (NK) cells (p < 0.1), and natural killer T (NKT) cells (p < 0.05). The number of NKT cells expressing the CD25 immunoregulatory marker increased at 1 and 2 h (p < 0.1). Increased serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was observed at 2 and 24 h (24 h: p < 0.05). Selective reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines was seen at 1, 2, and 24 h, where the 2-h reduction was highly significant for IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-13. The rapid, transient increase in immune surveillance, in conjunction with the reduced levels of inflammatory markers, suggests that the CELMP blend of natural peptides provides immune benefits of use in preventive medicine. Further studies are warranted in chronic inflammatory conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Protection and Toxic Reactions of Dietary Supplements: Focusing on Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment)
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11 pages, 790 KiB  
Article
The Antioxidant Potential of Commercial Manuka Honey from New Zealand—Biochemical and Cellular Studies
by Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska and Bolesław T. Karwowski
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(7), 6366-6376; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46070380 - 25 Jun 2024
Viewed by 535
Abstract
Manuka honey (MH) is considered a superfood mainly because of its various health-promoting properties, including its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and clinically proven antibacterial properties. A unique feature of Manuka honey is the high content of methylglyoxal, which has antibacterial potential. Additionally, it contains bioactive [...] Read more.
Manuka honey (MH) is considered a superfood mainly because of its various health-promoting properties, including its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and clinically proven antibacterial properties. A unique feature of Manuka honey is the high content of methylglyoxal, which has antibacterial potential. Additionally, it contains bioactive and antioxidant substances such as polyphenols that contribute to its protective effects against oxidative stress. In this study, commercially available Manuka honey was tested for its total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging ability. It was then tested in vitro on human fibroblast cells exposed to UV radiation to assess its potential to protect cells against oxidative stress. The results showed that the honey itself significantly interfered with cell metabolism, and its presence only slightly alleviated the effects of UV exposure. This study also suggested that the MGO content has a minor impact on reducing oxidative stress in UV-irradiated cells and efficiency in scavenging the DPPH radical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Protection and Toxic Reactions of Dietary Supplements: Focusing on Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment)
16 pages, 6221 KiB  
Article
Modulation of Sirtuin 3 by N-Acetylcysteine Preserves Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Restores Bisphenol A-Induced Kidney Damage in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats
by Anongporn Kobroob, Sirinart Kumfu, Nipon Chattipakorn and Orawan Wongmekiat
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(5), 4935-4950; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46050296 - 18 May 2024
Viewed by 2355
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and high-fat diets (HFD) are known to adversely affect the kidneys. However, the combined effects of both cases on kidney health and the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in mitigating these effects have not been investigated. To explore these aspects, [...] Read more.
Bisphenol A (BPA) and high-fat diets (HFD) are known to adversely affect the kidneys. However, the combined effects of both cases on kidney health and the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in mitigating these effects have not been investigated. To explore these aspects, male Wistar rats were fed with HFD and allocated to receive a vehicle or BPA. At week twelve, the BPA-exposed rats were subdivided to receive a vehicle or NAC along with BPA until week sixteen. Rats fed HFD and exposed to BPA showed renal dysfunction and structural abnormalities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, with alterations in key proteins related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), bioenergetics, oxidative balance, dynamics, apoptosis, and inflammation. Treatment with NAC for 4 weeks significantly improved these conditions. The findings suggest that NAC is beneficial in protecting renal deterioration brought on by prolonged exposure to BPA in combination with HFD, and modulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signaling by NAC appears to play a key role in the preservation of homeostasis and integrity within the mitochondria by enhancing OXPHOS activity, maintaining redox balance, and reducing inflammation. This study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for preserving kidney health in the face of environmental and dietary challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Protection and Toxic Reactions of Dietary Supplements: Focusing on Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment)
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14 pages, 3504 KiB  
Article
Effect of YC-1102 on the Improvement of Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
by Hwa-Young Yu, Kyoung Kon Kim, Sin Hwa Baek, Cho I Park, Hye ** Jeon, Ae Ri Song, Hyun-Je Park, Il Bum Park, Jong Soo Kang, Jung Min Kim, Tae Woo Kim, Sun Min Jang, Joo Young Cha and Junghyun Kim
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(2), 1437-1450; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46020093 - 7 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1248
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for metabolic diseases worldwide. This study examined the effects of YC-1102, an extract derived from the roots of Rosa multiflora, on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vivo experiments involved the [...] Read more.
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for metabolic diseases worldwide. This study examined the effects of YC-1102, an extract derived from the roots of Rosa multiflora, on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vivo experiments involved the oral administration of YC-1102 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) daily to mice for eight weeks. YC-1102 was found to downregulate the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα during adipogenesis, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and upregulating the expression of PGC-1α for energy metabolism to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. It has been shown that daily administration of YC-1102 to mice receiving a HFD prevented an increase in body weight and the accumulation of body fat. YC-1102 administration also reduced TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol levels, as well as glucose and leptin levels, and increased adiponectin levels, thus effectively inhibiting the metabolism of lipids. YC-1102-treated mice showed significant reductions in the mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The levels of PGC-1α involved in energy metabolism increased significantly in the YC-1102-treated mice when compared to the HFD-treated mice. According to the findings of this study, YC-1102 has a dual mechanism that reduces transcription factors that promote the differentiation of adipocytes and increases transcription factors that promote energy consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Protection and Toxic Reactions of Dietary Supplements: Focusing on Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment)
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