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Diagnostics
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Angiography: Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Diseases
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Angiography: Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3239

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Christian Booz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
Interests: computed tomography; diagnostic radiology; imaging; diagnostic imaging; medical imaging; clinical imaging; magnetic resonance; radiography

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Angiography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the lumen of blood vessels and organs of the body, specifically in the arteries, veins, and heart chambers. Currently, various types of angiography are available that can be harnessed to diagnose different medical conditions including invasive angiography, computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The importance of such exminations for clinical routine has dramtaically increased due to technical developments.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of recent studies in angiography, CTA and MRA, and its application in clinical diseases. In this context, original articles and review articles based on angiography-related diagnostic imaging will be included. Technologies such as spectral CT imaging, including dual-energy CT and photon-counting CT, radiation dose reduction algorithms, and possibilities for contrast media or artifact reduction will be covered in this Special Issue.

Dr. Christian Booz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at mdpi.longhoe.net by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • angiography
  • computed tomography angiography (CTA)
  • coronary angiography
  • digital subtraction angiography
  • pulmonary angiography
  • magnetic resonance angiography
  • renal angiography

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1293 KiB  
Article
A Novel Method for Angiographic Contrast-Based Diagnosis of Stenosis in Coronary Artery Disease: In Vivo and In Vitro Analyses
by Woongbin Kang, Cheong-Ah Lee, Gwansuk Kang, Dong-Guk Paeng and Joonhyouk Choi
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131429 - 4 Jul 2024
Viewed by 160
Abstract
Background: The existing diagnostic methods for coronary artery disease (CAD), such as coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR), have limitations regarding their invasiveness, cost, and discomfort. We explored a novel diagnostic approach, coronary contrast intensity analysis (CCIA), and conducted a comparative analysis [...] Read more.
Background: The existing diagnostic methods for coronary artery disease (CAD), such as coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR), have limitations regarding their invasiveness, cost, and discomfort. We explored a novel diagnostic approach, coronary contrast intensity analysis (CCIA), and conducted a comparative analysis between it and FFR. Methods: We used an in vitro coronary-circulation-mimicking system with nine stenosis models representing various stenosis lengths (6, 18, and 30 mm) and degrees (30%, 50%, and 70%). The angiographic brightness values were analyzed for CCIA. The in vivo experiments included 15 patients with a normal sinus rhythm. Coronary angiography was performed, and arterial movement was tracked, enabling CCIA derivation. The CCIA values were compared with the FFR (n = 15) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR; n = 11) measurements. Results: In vitro FFR showed a consistent trend related to the length and severity of stenosis. The CCIA was related to stenosis but had a weaker correlation with length, except for with 70% stenosis (6 mm: 0.82 ± 0.007, 0.68 ± 0.007, 0.61 ± 0.004; 18 mm: 0.78 ± 0.052, 0.69 ± 0.025, 0.44 ± 0.016; 30 mm: 0.80 ± 0.018, 0.64 ± 0.006, 0.40 ± 0.026 at 30%, 50%, and 70%, respectively). In vitro CCIA and FFR were significantly correlated (R = 0.9442, p < 0.01). The in vivo analysis revealed significant correlations between CCIA and FFR (R = 0.5775, p < 0.05) and the iFR (n = 11, R = 0.7578, p < 0.01). Conclusions: CCIA is a promising alternative for diagnosing stenosis in patients with CAD. The initial in vitro validation and in vivo confirmation in patients demonstrate the feasibility of applying CCIA during coronary angiography. Further clinical studies are warranted to fully evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and potential impact of CCIA on CAD management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Angiography: Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Diseases)
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10 pages, 1168 KiB  
Article
Blue Wavelength of Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Potentially Detects Arteriosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic Retinopathy
by Shintaro Horie, Yudai Suzuki, Takeshi Yoshida and Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131411 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 286
Abstract
(1) Background: The fundus examination is one of the best and popular methods in the assessment of vascular status in the human body. Direct viewing of retinal vessels by ophthalmoscopy has been utilized in judging hypertensive change or arteriosclerosis. Recently, fundus imaging with [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The fundus examination is one of the best and popular methods in the assessment of vascular status in the human body. Direct viewing of retinal vessels by ophthalmoscopy has been utilized in judging hypertensive change or arteriosclerosis. Recently, fundus imaging with the non-mydriatic scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) has been widely used in ophthalmological clinics since it has multimodal functions for optical coherence tomography or angiography with contrast agent dye. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility in detecting arteriosclerosis of retinal vessels in SLO images; (2) Methods: Both color and blue standard field SLO images of eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were examined retrospectively. Retinal arteriosclerosis in color SLO images was graded according to the Scheie classification. Additionally, characteristics of retinal arterioles in blue SLO images were identified and examined for their relevance to arteriosclerosis grades, stages of DR or general complications; (3) Results: Relative to color fundus images, blue SLO images showed distinct hyper-reflective retinal arterioles against a monotone background. Irregularities of retinal arterioles identified in blue SLO images were frequently observed in the eyes of patients with severe arteriosclerosis (Grade 3: 79.0% and Grade 4: 81.8%). Furthermore, the findings on arterioles were more frequently associated with the eyes of DR patients with renal dysfunction (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: While color SLO images are equally as useful in assessing retinal arteriosclerosis as photography or ophthalmoscopy, the corresponding blue SLO images show arteriosclerotic lesions with high contrast in a monotone background. Retinal arteriosclerosis in eyes of advanced grades or advanced DR frequently show irregularities of retinal arterioles in the blue images. The findings of low, uneven, or discontinuous attenuation were easier to find in blue than in color SLO images. Consequently, blue SLO images can show pathological micro-sclerosis in retinal arterioles and are potentially one of the safe and practical methods for the vascular assessment of diabetic patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Angiography: Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Diseases)
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12 pages, 2705 KiB  
Article
BMI-Adapted Double Low-Dose Dual-Source Aortic CT for Endoleak Detection after Endovascular Repair: A Prospective Intra-Individual Diagnostic Accuracy Study
by Claudius Melzig, Sibylle Hartmann, Andrea Steuwe, Jan Egger, Thuy D. Do, Philipp Geisbüsch, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Fabian Rengier and Matthias A. Fink
Diagnostics 2024, 14(3), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030280 - 27 Jan 2024
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Abstract
Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of BMI-adapted, low-radiation and low-iodine dose, dual-source aortic CT for endoleak detection in non-obese and obese patients following endovascular aortic repair. Methods: In this prospective single-center study, patients referred for follow-up CT after endovascular repair with a [...] Read more.
Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of BMI-adapted, low-radiation and low-iodine dose, dual-source aortic CT for endoleak detection in non-obese and obese patients following endovascular aortic repair. Methods: In this prospective single-center study, patients referred for follow-up CT after endovascular repair with a history of at least one standard triphasic (native, arterial and delayed phase) routine CT protocol were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups and allocated to a BMI-adapted (group A, BMI < 30 kg/m2; group B, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) double low-dose CT (DLCT) protocol comprising single-energy arterial and dual-energy delayed phase series with virtual non-contrast (VNC) reconstructions. An in-patient comparison of the DLCT and routine CT protocol as reference standard was performed regarding differences in diagnostic accuracy, radiation dose, and image quality. Results: Seventy-five patients were included in the study (mean age 73 ± 8 years, 63 (84%) male). Endoleaks were diagnosed in 20 (26.7%) patients, 11 of 53 (20.8%) in group A and 9 of 22 (40.9%) in group B. Two radiologists achieved an overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.7% and 97.3% for endoleak detection, with 100% in group A and 95.5% and 90.9% in group B. All examinations were diagnostic. The DLCT protocol reduced the effective dose from 10.0 ± 3.6 mSv to 6.1 ± 1.5 mSv (p < 0.001) and the total iodine dose from 31.5 g to 14.5 g in group A and to 17.4 g in group B. Conclusion: Optimized double low-dose dual-source aortic CT with VNC, arterial and delayed phase images demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for endoleak detection and significant radiation and iodine dose reductions in both obese and non-obese patients compared to the reference standard of triple phase, standard radiation and iodine dose aortic CT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Angiography: Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Diseases)
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23 pages, 10284 KiB  
Hypothesis
Introducing a Novel Innovative Technique for the Recording and Interpretation of Dynamic Coronary Angiography
by Thach Nguyen, Khiem Ngo, Tri Loc Vu, Hien Q. Nguyen, Dat H. Pham, Mihas Kodenchery, Marco Zuin, Gianluca Rigatelli, Aravinda Nanjundappa and Michael Gibson
Diagnostics 2024, 14(12), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121282 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 648
Abstract
In the study of coronary artery disease (CAD), the mechanism of plaque formation and development is still an important subject for investigation. A limitation of current coronary angiography (CAG) is that it can only show static images of the narrowing of arterial channels [...] Read more.
In the study of coronary artery disease (CAD), the mechanism of plaque formation and development is still an important subject for investigation. A limitation of current coronary angiography (CAG) is that it can only show static images of the narrowing of arterial channels without identifying the mechanism of the disease or predicting its progression or regression. To address this limitation, the CAG technique has been modified. The new approach emphasizes identifying and analyzing blood flow patterns, employing methodologies akin to those used by hydraulic engineers for fluid or gas movement through domestic or industrial pipes and pumps. With the new technique, various flow patterns and arterial phenomena—such as laminar, turbulent, antegrade, retrograde, and recirculating flow and potentially water hammer shock and vortex formation—are identified, recorded, and classified. These phenomena are then correlated with the presence of lesions at different locations within the coronary vasculature. The formation and growth of these lesions are explained from the perspective of fluid mechanics. As the pathophysiology of CAD and other cardiovascular conditions becomes clearer, new medical, surgical, and interventional treatments could be developed to reverse abnormal coronary flow dynamics and restore laminar flow, leading to improved clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Angiography: Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Diseases)
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4 pages, 936 KiB  
Interesting Images
The Best Strategy for the Black Hole Phenomenon between Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography
by Cheng-Cheng Kan, Wei-Che Tsai, Cheng-Chung Cheng and Gwo-** Jong
Diagnostics 2024, 14(3), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030281 - 27 Jan 2024
Viewed by 804
Abstract
The black hole (BH) phenomenon is an intraluminal restenotic lesion. It was identified by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) after intracoronary brachytherapy and drug-eluting stent implantation. Despite the similarity in the mode of action of brachytherapy and drug-eluting stent implantation, [...] Read more.
The black hole (BH) phenomenon is an intraluminal restenotic lesion. It was identified by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) after intracoronary brachytherapy and drug-eluting stent implantation. Despite the similarity in the mode of action of brachytherapy and drug-eluting stent implantation, the BH phenomenon appears to be uncommon after drug-eluting stent implantation. Specifically, the BH phenomenon is better identified by OCT than by IVUS. Herein, we present a case of in-stent restenosis with suspected BH phenomenon on IVUS and confirmed by OCT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Angiography: Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Diseases)
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