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Diagnostics
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Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease
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Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 2978

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Luis Eduardo Almeida

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Interests: temporomandibular joint; immunohistochemistry; inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The forthcoming Special Issue of the journal Diagnostics, titled "Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease", will present cutting-edge developments in the field of diagnosing conditions affecting the mouth, jaw, and related structures. This comprehensive collection of articles will delve into the latest advancements in diagnostic techniques, technologies, and methodologies, aiming to enhance early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective management of oral and maxillofacial diseases.

The contributions within this edition will explore various aspects of diagnostic modalities, including advanced radiology techniques such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which will offer detailed anatomical information for precise diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, the authors will discuss the application of optical imaging and diagnostic tools, providing insights into non-invasive methods for detecting early signs of disease and monitoring treatment responses.

Pathology and biopsy techniques will also be discussed, highlighting the role of histopathological analysis in confirming diagnoses and guiding therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the integration of molecular diagnostics and medical screening protocols will be explored, showcasing the potential of genetic and molecular markers in early disease detection and personalized treatment approaches.

This Special Issue will also address prognostic assessment and the identification of biomarkers associated with disease progression and treatment response. By synthesizing the latest research findings and clinical insights across these diverse diagnostic modalities, this edition will serve as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of oral and maxillofacial diseases. Ultimately, these advancements will contribute to improved patient care, treatment outcomes, and quality of life.

Dr. Luis Eduardo Almeida
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at mdpi.longhoe.net by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • maxillofacial disease
  • oral disease
  • biomarkers
  • prognosis
  • periodontal disease
  • machine learning
  • MRI
  • CBCT

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2236 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Regulation of Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) in Periodontitis: From Transcriptomics to Real-Time Online Diagnostics and Treatment Monitoring
by Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno Aji, Tülay Yucel-Lindberg, Ismo T. Räisänen, Heidi Kuula, Mikko T. Nieminen, Maelíosa T. C. Mc Crudden, Dyah Listyarifah, Anna Lundmark, Fionnuala T. Lundy, Shipra Gupta and Timo Sorsa
Diagnostics 2024, 14(10), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101011 - 15 May 2024
Viewed by 750
Abstract
Background: This study investigated in vivo regulation and levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8), a major collagenolytic protease, in periodontitis. Methods: Twenty-seven adults with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 30 periodontally healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in immunohistochemistry and transcriptomics analytics in order to [...] Read more.
Background: This study investigated in vivo regulation and levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8), a major collagenolytic protease, in periodontitis. Methods: Twenty-seven adults with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 30 periodontally healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in immunohistochemistry and transcriptomics analytics in order to assess Treponema denticola (Td) dentilisin and MMP-8 immunoexpression, mRNA expression of MMP-8 and its regulators (IL-1β, MMP-2, MMP-7, TIMP-1). Furthermore, the periodontal anti-infective treatment effect was monitored by four different MMP-8 assays (aMMP-8-IFMA, aMMP-8-Oralyzer, MMP-8-activity [RFU/minute], and total MMP-8 by ELISA) among 12 CP (compared to 25 HC). Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly more Td-dentilisin and MMP-8 immunoreactivities in CP vs. HC. Transcriptomics revealed significantly elevated IL-1β and MMP-7 RNA expressions, and MMP-2 RNA was slightly reduced. No significant differences were recorded in the relatively low or barely detectable levels of MMP-8 mRNAs. Periodontal treatment significantly decreased all MMP-8 assay levels accompanied by the assessed clinical indices (periodontal probing depths, bleeding-on-probing, and visual plaque levels). However, active but not total MMP-8 levels persisted higher in CP than in periodontally healthy controls. Conclusion: In periodontal health, there are low aMMP-8 levels. The presence of Td-dentilisin in CP gingivae is associated with elevated aMMP-8 levels, potentially contributing to a higher risk of active periodontal tissue collagenolysis and progression of periodontitis. This can be detected by aMMP-8-specific assays and online/real-time aMMP-8 chair-side testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease)
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13 pages, 3085 KiB  
Article
Frequency and Demographic Analysis of Odontogenic Tumors in Three Tertiary Institutions: An 11-Year Retrospective Study
by Asma Almazyad, Mohammed Alamro, Nasser Almadan, Marzouq Almutairi and Turki S. AlQuwayz
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090910 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are distinct conditions that develop in the jawbones, exhibiting diverse histopathological features and variable clinical behaviors. Unfortunately, the literature on this subject in Saudi Arabia remains sparse, indicating a pressing need for more comprehensive data concerning the frequency, demographics, treatment [...] Read more.
Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are distinct conditions that develop in the jawbones, exhibiting diverse histopathological features and variable clinical behaviors. Unfortunately, the literature on this subject in Saudi Arabia remains sparse, indicating a pressing need for more comprehensive data concerning the frequency, demographics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of OTs. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the frequency, demographic features, treatment, and outcomes of OTs across three tertiary medical centers. Methods and Material: OT cases were identified in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), and Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) from January 2010 to December 2021. Results: Ninety-two OT cases were identified from the anatomical pathology laboratories of three tertiary hospitals. KFMC contributed the highest number of cases (43.5%), followed by KAMC (30.4%) and PSMMC (26.1%). The median age of OT patients was 29 years (range: 5–83), with males representing more than half of the patients (56.5%). The mandible was the most frequent site of OT occurrence (72.5%), with ameloblastoma being the predominant OT (63.0%), followed by odontoma (19.5%). Among the treatment modalities, bone resection was employed the most (51.0%), followed by enucleation (25.6%). Notably, 11.5% of OT cases with available follow-up data exhibited recurrence, with ameloblastoma accounting for eight recurrent cases. Conclusions: Although OTs are relatively common in the jaws, they are rare in anatomical pathology laboratories and the general population. This study contributes valuable insights into the epidemiology characteristics, treatment trends, and recurrence rates of OTs in Saudi Arabia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease)
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Other

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18 pages, 575 KiB  
Systematic Review
Is There a Relationship between Salivary Cortisol and Temporomandibular Disorder: A Systematic Review
by Lujain AlSahman, Hamad AlBagieh and Roba AlSahman
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131435 - 5 Jul 2024
Viewed by 273
Abstract
Background: This systematic review examines and evaluates the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in young adult patients. Method: Six databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library—were utilized to screen eligible studies. A systematic search was [...] Read more.
Background: This systematic review examines and evaluates the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in young adult patients. Method: Six databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library—were utilized to screen eligible studies. A systematic search was performed based on PECO questions and eligibility criteria. The research question for this review was “Do salivary cortisol levels correlate with TMD in individuals aged 18–40?” The risk of bias for quality assessment was determined by the Cochrane tool. PRISMA guidelines were followed while performing this review. Result: A total of fourteen studies were included in this review. Of these, eleven were observational studies (four cross-sectional and seven case–control), and three were randomized control trials. Eleven of the included studies presented a low to moderate risk in the qualitative synthesis. The total sample size of the included studies was 751 participants. The included studies suggest higher salivary cortisol levels in TMD patients than in healthy individuals. Conclusions: The findings of this review indicate higher salivary cortisol levels in adult patients with TMD than in healthy controls. Thus, supportive psychological treatment and clinical modalities should be provided to patients with TMD. Moreover, higher-quality studies with low heterogeneity are required to support this finding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease)
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81 pages, 992 KiB  
Systematic Review
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Dentigerous Cysts and Odontogenic Keratocysts Associated with Impacted Third Molars—A Systematic Review
by Luis Eduardo Almeida, David Loyd, Daniel Boettcher, Olivia Kraft and Samuel Zammuto
Diagnostics 2024, 14(12), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121246 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 394
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review investigates the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of immunohistochemical markers in dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) associated with impacted third molars. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed across major databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and [...] Read more.
Objective: This systematic review investigates the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of immunohistochemical markers in dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) associated with impacted third molars. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed across major databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, from the inception of the databases to March 2024. Keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms such as “dentigerous cysts”, “odontogenic keratocysts”, “immunohistochemistry”, “Ki-67”, and “p53” were used. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed to ensure methodological rigor. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on humans and animals providing definitive diagnoses or specific signs and symptoms related to DCs and OKCs, with results on protein expression derived from immunohistochemistry, immune antibody, proteomics, or protein expression methods. Results: Of the 159 studies initially identified, 138 met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis highlighted significantly higher expressions of Ki-67 (22.1% ± 4.7 vs. 10.5% ± 3.2, p < 0.001), p53 (15.3% ± 3.6 vs. 5.2% ± 1.9, p < 0.001), and Bcl-2 (18.4% ± 3.2 vs. 8.7% ± 2.4, p < 0.001) in OKCs compared to DCs, indicating a higher proliferative index, increased cellular stress, and enhanced anti-apoptotic mechanisms in OKCs. Additionally, PCNA levels were higher in OKCs (25.6% ± 4.5 vs. 12.3% ± 3.1, p < 0.001). Genetic mutations, particularly in the PTCH1 gene, were frequently observed in OKCs, underscoring their aggressive behavior and potential malignancy. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the significant role of immunohistochemical markers in distinguishing between DCs and OKCs, with elevated levels of Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, and PCNA in OKCs suggesting a higher potential for growth and recurrence. Genetic insights, including PTCH1 mutations, further support the need for personalized treatment approaches. These markers enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform targeted therapeutic strategies, potentially transforming patient management in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease)
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25 pages, 801 KiB  
Systematic Review
Performance of Artificial Intelligence Models Designed for Automated Estimation of Age Using Dento-Maxillofacial Radiographs—A Systematic Review
by Sanjeev B. Khanagar, Farraj Albalawi, Aram Alshehri, Mohammed Awawdeh, Kiran Iyer, Barrak Alsomaie, Ali Aldhebaib, Oinam Gokulchandra Singh and Abdulmohsen Alfadley
Diagnostics 2024, 14(11), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14111079 - 22 May 2024
Viewed by 500
Abstract
Automatic age estimation has garnered significant interest among researchers because of its potential practical uses. The current systematic review was undertaken to critically appraise developments and performance of AI models designed for automated estimation using dento-maxillofacial radiographic images. In order to ensure consistency [...] Read more.
Automatic age estimation has garnered significant interest among researchers because of its potential practical uses. The current systematic review was undertaken to critically appraise developments and performance of AI models designed for automated estimation using dento-maxillofacial radiographic images. In order to ensure consistency in their approach, the researchers followed the diagnostic test accuracy guidelines outlined in PRISMA-DTA for this systematic review. They conducted an electronic search across various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Saudi Digital Library to identify relevant articles published between the years 2000 and 2024. A total of 26 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were subjected to a risk of bias assessment using QUADAS-2, which revealed a flawless risk of bias in both arms for the patient-selection domain. Additionally, the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. AI technology has primarily been utilized for automated age estimation through tooth development stages, tooth and bone parameters, bone age measurements, and pulp–tooth ratio. The AI models employed in the studies achieved a remarkably high precision of 99.05% and accuracy of 99.98% in the age estimation for models using tooth development stages and bone age measurements, respectively. The application of AI as an additional diagnostic tool within the realm of age estimation demonstrates significant promise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease)
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