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Recent Trends of Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications II

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Dear Colleagues,

In the first volume of our Special Issue on “Recent Trends of Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications”, researchers contributed to topics ranging from novel drug delivery systems and diagnostic tools to bioimaging techniques, all leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterials. The published articles showcased the versatility of functional nanomaterials like fluorescent carbon dots, metal sulfides and gold nanoparticles, graphene oxide, cerium oxides nanoparticles, lipids, and so on, offering innovative solutions for challenges in medical diagnostics, therapeutics, and patient care.

Building on the success of our first volume, we are happy to announce the launch of the second volume of our Special Issue, which promises to be even more dynamic and impactful. The second volume delves even deeper into the ground-breaking advancements within the realm of nanotechnology in medicine and healthcare, with a special emphasis on wearable devices, implants, and bioelectronics. The integration of nanomaterials into wearable devices, implants, and bioelectronics represents a paradigm shift in healthcare monitoring and personal well-being. We invite researchers, scholars, and experts to submit their work on the above topics while also welcoming contributions from the realms of drug delivery, biosensing, computational approaches, theranostics, bioimaging, etc.

Dr. Sudeshna Chandra
Prof. Dr. Heinrich Lang
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23 pages, 5161 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cerium Dioxide–Dextran Nanocomposites in the Development of a Medical Product for Wound Healing: Physical, Chemical and Biomedical Characteristics

by Ekaterina V. Silina, Natalia E. Manturova, Olga S. Ivanova, Alexander E. Baranchikov, Elena B. Artyushkova, Olga A. Medvedeva, Alexey A. Kryukov, Svetlana A. Dodonova, Mikhail P. Gladchenko, Ekaterina S. Vorsina, Maria P. Kruglova, Oleg V. Kalyuzhin, Yulia G. Suzdaltseva and Victor A. Stupin

Molecules 2024, 29(12), 2853; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29122853 - 15 Jun 2024

Viewed by 609

Abstract

Purpose of the study: the creation of a dextran coating on cerium oxide crystals using different ratios of cerium and dextran to synthesize nanocomposites, and the selection of the best nanocomposite to develop a nanodrug that accelerates quality wound healing with a new type of antimicrobial effect. Materials and methods: Nanocomposites were synthesized using cerium nitrate and dextran polysaccharide (6000 Da) at four different initial ratios of Ce(NO₃)₃x6H₂O to dextran (by weight)—1:0.5 (Ce0.5D); 1:1 (Ce1D); 1:2 (Ce2D); and 1:3 (Ce3D). A series of physicochemical experiments were performed to characterize the created nanocomposites: UV-spectroscopy; X-ray phase analysis; transmission electron microscopy; dynamic light scattering and IR-spectroscopy. The biomedical effects of nanocomposites were studied on human fibroblast cell culture with an evaluation of their effect on the metabolic and proliferative activity of cells using an MTT test and direct cell counting. Antimicrobial activity was studied by mass spectrometry using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry against E. coli after 24 h and 48 h of co-incubation. Results: According to the physicochemical studies, nanocrystals less than 5 nm in size with diffraction peaks characteristic of cerium dioxide were identified in all synthesized nanocomposites. With increasing polysaccharide concentration, the particle size of cerium dioxide decreased, and the smallest nanoparticles (<2 nm) were in Ce2D and Ce3D composites. The results of cell experiments showed a high level of safety of dextran nanoceria, while the absence of cytotoxicity (100% cell survival rate) was established for Ce2D and C3D sols. At a nanoceria concentration of 10⁻² M, the proliferative activity of fibroblasts was statistically significantly enhanced only when co-cultured with Ce2D, but decreased with Ce3D. The metabolic activity of fibroblasts after 72 h of co-cultivation with nano composites increased with increasing dextran concentration, and the highest level was registered in Ce3D; from the dextran group, differences were registered in Ce2D and Ce3D sols. As a result of the microbiological study, the best antimicrobial activity (bacteriostatic effect) was found for Ce0.5D and Ce2D, which significantly inhibited the multiplication of E. coli after 24 h by an average of 22–27%, and after 48 h, all nanocomposites suppressed the multiplication of E. coli by 58–77%, which was the most pronounced for Ce0.5D, Ce1D, and Ce2D. Conclusions: The necessary physical characteristics of nanoceria–dextran nanocomposites that provide the best wound healing biological effects were determined. Ce2D at a concentration of 10⁻³ M, which stimulates cell proliferation and metabolism up to 2.5 times and allows a reduction in the rate of microorganism multiplication by three to four times, was selected for subsequent nanodrug creation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends of Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications II)

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