Sustainability

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5 pages, 1213 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use

by Linchuan Yang

Sustainability 2023, 15(22), 15804; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215804 - 10 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1849

Abstract

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations’ Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015 as a universal call to action to address various social, economic, and environmental challenges facing [...] Read more.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations’ Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015 as a universal call to action to address various social, economic, and environmental challenges facing the world [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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Research

Jump to: Editorial

27 pages, 2395 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Taxonomy for Autonomous Vehicles Considering Ambient Road Infrastructure

by Sikai Chen, Shuya Zong, Tiantian Chen, Zilin Huang, Yanshen Chen and Samuel Labi

Sustainability 2023, 15(14), 11258; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411258 - 19 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2673

Abstract

To standardize definitions and guide the design, regulation, and policy related to automated transportation, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established a taxonomy consisting of six levels of vehicle automation. The SAE taxonomy defines each level based on the capabilities of the [...] Read more.

To standardize definitions and guide the design, regulation, and policy related to automated transportation, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established a taxonomy consisting of six levels of vehicle automation. The SAE taxonomy defines each level based on the capabilities of the automated system. It does not fully consider the infrastructure support required for each level. This can be considered a critical gap in the practice because the existing taxonomy does not account for the fact that the operational design domain (ODD) of any system must describe the specific conditions, including infrastructure, under which the system can function. In this paper, we argue that the ambient road infrastructure plays a critical role in characterizing the capabilities of autonomous vehicles (AVs) including map**, perception, and motion planning, and therefore, the current taxonomy needs enhancement. To throw more light and stimulate discussion on this issue, this paper reviews, analyzes, and proposes a supplement to the existing SAE levels of automation from a road infrastructure perspective, considering the infrastructure support required for automated driving at each level of automation. Specifically, we focus on Level 4 because it is expected to be the most likely level of automation that will be deployed soon. Through an analysis of driving scenarios and state-of-the-art infrastructure technologies, we propose five sub-levels for Level 4 automated driving systems: Level 4-A (Dedicated Guideway Level), Level 4-B (Expressway Level), Level 4-C (Well-Structured Road Level), Level 4-D (Limited-Structured road Level), and Level 4-E (Disorganized Area Level). These sublevels reflect a progression from highly structured environments with robust infrastructure support to less structured environments with limited or no infrastructure support. The proposed supplement to the SAE taxonomy is expected to benefit both potential AV consumers and manufacturers through defining clear expectations of AV performance in different environments and infrastructure settings. In addition, transportation agencies may gain insights from this research towards their planning regarding future infrastructure improvements needed to support the emerging era of driving automation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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28 pages, 8718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Activity Duration under the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis among Different Urbanized Areas Using a Hazard-Based Duration Model

by Chunguang Liu, **nyu Zuo, **aoning Gu, Mengru Shao and Chao Chen

Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9537; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129537 - 14 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 937

Abstract

There have been significant changes in daily activities and corresponding durations since the outbreak of COVID-19. This study examines how the built environment factors and individual/household characteristics affect activity durations (e.g., shop**, social-related, hiking, and working) under the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes the [...] Read more.

There have been significant changes in daily activities and corresponding durations since the outbreak of COVID-19. This study examines how the built environment factors and individual/household characteristics affect activity durations (e.g., shop**, social-related, hiking, and working) under the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes the heterogeneity between different urbanized areas using the data of a Dutch national travel survey in 2020. A hazard-based duration model (e.g., the Cox proportional hazard model) was used to predict activity durations. Estimation results showed that the activity durations for different social groups varied under different geographical and policy conditions. In particular, women and seniors are more susceptible to the unprecedented pandemic, manifested in significantly shorter durations for work and hiking activities. In addition, couples with one or more children need to shorten their working hours and give more attention to their children due to the closure of nurseries and schools. Furthermore, the influences of built environment factors also present significant differences. A higher number of service facilities does not significantly foster the extension of hiking activity duration; however, this is the opposite among regions with more open green areas. Compared with previous studies on analyzing the influencing factors of activity durations, this study incorporated some unique variables (e.g., COVID-19 countermeasures and urban class) to consider the temporal and spatial heterogeneity under the particular pandemic period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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25 pages, 5309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Parking Path Planning and Parking Space Selection Based on the Entropy Power Method and Bayesian Network: A Case Study in an Indoor Parking Lot

by **gwei Xue, Jiaqing Wang, Jiyang Yi, Yang Wei, Kaijian Huang, Daming Ge and Ruiyu Sun

Sustainability 2023, 15(11), 8450; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118450 - 23 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2019

Abstract

According to the vehicle dynamics model and the requirements of reliable safety and minimal time, the path planning problem of parking in different types of parking spaces is solved by obstacle avoidance analysis and motion analysis in the case of the optimal solution, [...] Read more.

According to the vehicle dynamics model and the requirements of reliable safety and minimal time, the path planning problem of parking in different types of parking spaces is solved by obstacle avoidance analysis and motion analysis in the case of the optimal solution, and the parking trajectory from the initial position to the designated parking space is obtained. In the static situation, different parking spaces in the parking space are occupied; analyze the parking space type, parking space left and right occupancy situation, and the distance between the vacant parking space and the starting point location of unoccupied cars; and establish the attribute information matrix R₀ of the vacant parking space and calculate the KMO value of the matrix R₀. This is completed to determine the weak correlation between the attributes of the vacant parking space and use the matrix R₀ as the original evaluation matrix of the entropy weight method, using the entropy weight method to calculate the three attributes of parking space type, parking space left and right occupancy situation, and distance between starting point and parking space. These results are weighted in the optimal parking space selection process, the difficulty score of the vacant parking space is determined, and the optimal parking space is determined through the ranking of the scores. In the dynamic case, the number of parking spaces and parking space usage will change over time, with the help of the Bayesian network, the existing parking spaces and number of spaces in the parking lot at the previous moment are learned according to the computer clock, which can be used to reason about the number of parking spaces and parking space availability in the parking lot at the next moment. The weights of the three attributes of parking space type, parking space left and right situation, and distance between the starting point and parking space are updated in the case of a dynamic change of parking space, and then the parking difficulty score of a new vacant parking space using the entropy weight method is used to select the optimal parking space in the dynamic situation. The optimized parking path planning and parking space selection method could contribute to enhancing parking efficiency for the sustainable management of indoor parking lots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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15 pages, 1057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Level Programming Model Based on Cooperative Operation Study of Stakeholders in Hazardous Chemical Storage

by Jiao Yao, Beibei **e, **urong Wu and Cong Zhang

Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1221; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021221 - 9 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1102

Abstract

Due to the uncertainty of risk occurrence and the severity of accident consequences in the process of hazardous chemical storage, there are many stakeholders involved in the management and supervision of hazardous chemical storage, and their interest appeals are different. On the basis [...] Read more.

Due to the uncertainty of risk occurrence and the severity of accident consequences in the process of hazardous chemical storage, there are many stakeholders involved in the management and supervision of hazardous chemical storage, and their interest appeals are different. On the basis of ensuring storage safety, in order to balance the interests of stakeholders and achieve cooperative operation, a two-level programming model considering the maximization of social welfare and the interests of warehousing enterprises was proposed. First, the upper model mainly refers to the regulatory department represented by the government, including the daily supervision cost, risk loss cost, risk compensation cost, and penalty coefficient formulated by combining various indicators. In the lower model, the comprehensive risk level of the warehouse is determined by the warehouse enterprise. Based on this, the supervision coefficient is determined. Combined with the punishment coefficient, the warehousing operation cost, warehousing supervision cost, and the punishment cost when the accident occurs under different risk levels are determined. The relevant case analysis shows that, compared with the evolutionary game model, the social supervision cost of the upper level and the enterprise cost of the lower level can be reduced by 0.49% and 30.43% respectively. Compared with the traditional improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce the supervision cost of the upper society and the lower enterprise by 0.11% and 7.05%, respectively, thus achieving a better supervision effect at a relatively low cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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18 pages, 3382 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Freeway Congestion Propagation in Foggy Environment Based on CA-SIR Model

by Jiao Yao, Jia** He, Yujie Bao, Jiayang Li and Yin Han

Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 16246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316246 - 5 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1263

Abstract

The visibility in a foggy environment has a significant impact on driver behavior and traffic flow status, especially for whole closed highways with long distances between entrances and exits. Foggy days are very likely to cause congestion and even secondary traffic accidents, which [...] Read more.

The visibility in a foggy environment has a significant impact on driver behavior and traffic flow status, especially for whole closed highways with long distances between entrances and exits. Foggy days are very likely to cause congestion and even secondary traffic accidents, which seriously affect the reliability of freeway operation. In order to explore the influence of a fog environment on freeway traffic jams, firstly, this paper was based on the analysis of the impact of visibility on foggy days. Light fog, medium fog and heavy fog were classified as one scenario, while dense foggy weather was set separately as an extreme scenario without considering lane change. Furthermore, it used the SIR model of infectious disease for reference, and combined with the cellular automata (CA) model, the car-following model and lane-changing rules in different scenarios were set based on safe driving distance and speed for two scenarios. Finally, the key parameters of CA-SIR were calibrated, such as congestion propagation, recovery probability, vehicle braking, and lane-changing probability. The simulation analysis showed that with the decrease in visibility and vehicle speed, the phenomenon of congestion propagation was more prominent, but the causes of queuing phenomenon were different. A low speed limit was the main reason for traffic jams in the light fog condition. In the medium fog condition, the frequency of traffic jams was related to the random braking probability of the visibility. In heavy fog conditions, the congestion area gradually moved upstream with the passage of time. Moreover, in the dense fog condition, the congested area gradually moved upstream with the passage of time; however, vehicles were more likely to accompany each other, and the congested area traveled downstream synchronously with the passage of time and did not dissipate easily. Therefore, in a foggy environment, the best speed limit should be better established under different visibilities, the flow of highway traffic should be strictly controlled if necessary, and in worse situations than high-density traffic in low visibility, to avoid the spread of congestion, the intermittent release of different lanes is suggested to be implemented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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10 pages, 856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transit-Oriented Development in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh as a Case Study

by Khalid Mohammed Almatar

Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 16129; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316129 - 2 Dec 2022

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4248

Abstract

Transit-oriented development (TOD) in Saudi Arabia is becoming a significant priority for the government and developers to create a sustainable and quality living environment. TOD is an integrated transport and urban planning method that aims to reduce car use and urban sprawl, increase [...] Read more.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) in Saudi Arabia is becoming a significant priority for the government and developers to create a sustainable and quality living environment. TOD is an integrated transport and urban planning method that aims to reduce car use and urban sprawl, increase the use of public transport, and enhance sustainable mobility. To meet the global goals as per the Paris Accord, Saudi Arabia’s policymakers must prioritize the integration of TOD in urban planning. This study was carried out with the main aim of identifying the environmental, social, and economic benefits of implementing TOD in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A mixed-study research method was used, and data were collected using a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, and qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo software. The findings of this study show that TOD in Riyadh City would positively impact economic, environmental, and social aspects. TOD would reduce travel time, allow its people to have an active lifestyle, and reduce congestion. TOD would help reduce mental health disorders and improve physical activity. TOD would positively impact the environment of Riyadh City and assist in reducing greenhouse gases. Overall, the study results provide a reliable perspective on the benefits of TOD. Most participants assumed that the implementation of TOD in Riyadh City would increase automobile mobility, provide more employment opportunities, and reduce travel time, positively impacting the environment and economy of Riyadh City. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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20 pages, 4622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Direct and Spillover Effects of Urban Land Expansion on Habitat Quality in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration

by Sicheng Wang, Feng Lu and Guoen Wei

Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 14931; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214931 - 11 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1411

Abstract

Urban land expansion has dramatically changed the spatial distribution patterns and functional structure of habitats. Previous studies on the spatial externality effect of urban land expansion on the habitat quality of urban agglomerations are still insufficient. With the use of remote sensing and [...] Read more.

Urban land expansion has dramatically changed the spatial distribution patterns and functional structure of habitats. Previous studies on the spatial externality effect of urban land expansion on the habitat quality of urban agglomerations are still insufficient. With the use of remote sensing and statistical data from 2000 to 2018, this study explored the evolutionary relationship between urban land expansion and habitat quality in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration (CUA) using the bivariate local autocorrelation method and spatial Durbin model. Partial differential equation decomposition of the local and spatial spillover effects was implemented to investigate the marginal effects of the influencing factors. The highlights of the results are as follows: CUA’s urban land increased by 2890.42 km² from 2000 to 2018, mainly caused by urban encroachment over farmland and grassland. New urban lands were situated primarily in the main urban districts of Chengdu and Chongqing; urban expansion intensity slowed to 7.64% in 2010–2018, declining by 53.95% from 2000 to 2010. The average habitat quality decreased to 0.905, and two “ring-shaped decline areas” were formed around the main urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing. “Low-High” and “Low-Low” clusters were the main associations between urban land expansion and habitat quality changes. The impact of urban land expansion on local habitat quality changed from insignificant to negative, while its spatial spillover effects over adjacent areas have increased the negative environmental externalities to habitat quality in adjacent areas through spatial spillovers. Our findings provide evidence for urban agglomerations such as CUA that are still being cultivated to carry out cross-city joint protection strategies of habitat quality, also proving that habitat quality protection should be an integration of urban expansion regulation, natural adaptation and socioeconomic adjustment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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16 pages, 2167 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Sufficiency of New Administrative Capitals (NACs) Based on Types and Commuting Characteristics of Citizens: Case Study of Sejong

by **-hong Im and Seongman Jang

Sustainability 2022, 14(20), 13193; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013193 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1450

Abstract

In recent decades, new administrative capitals (NACs) are being developed in Asia and develo** countries due to the overcrowding of capitals and large cities. The self-sufficiency of a planned city is considered important for balanced national development. However, no study has specifically analyzed [...] Read more.

In recent decades, new administrative capitals (NACs) are being developed in Asia and develo** countries due to the overcrowding of capitals and large cities. The self-sufficiency of a planned city is considered important for balanced national development. However, no study has specifically analyzed the degree of self-sufficiency of NACs. Therefore, focusing on the city of Sejong (NAC, South Korea) as an example, this study evaluated self-sufficiency using data regarding household composition and travel characteristics. The results of the three-step analysis are as follows: First, the commuting distance of the NAC was longer than that of traditionally developed cities, with relatively little internal commuter traffic in the NAC. Second, commuting to and from the NAC was primarily to large cities nearby. Third, regarding the characteristics of households living in the NAC, the ratio of second-generation households was higher and that of single-person households was relatively small compared with traditional cities. In addition, a spatial correlation in the form of a longer commuting distance in the second generation and shorter commuting distance in single-person households was confirmed. The findings of this study hold important implications for policymakers and urban planning bodies when develo** an NAC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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19 pages, 4533 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Roadmap for Future Mobility Development Supporting Bangkok Urban Living in 2030

by Nathasit Gerdsri, Komkrit Sivara, Chayoot Chatunawarat, Somnuek Jaroonjitsathian and Krissada Tundulyasaree

Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9296; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159296 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2512

Abstract

This study demonstrates how to develop a roadmap guiding a company’s technology and innovation for future mobility by integrating the results from foresight and scenario analysis. The key drivers and trends influencing the urban development of Bangkok in the next 10 years were [...] Read more.

This study demonstrates how to develop a roadmap guiding a company’s technology and innovation for future mobility by integrating the results from foresight and scenario analysis. The key drivers and trends influencing the urban development of Bangkok in the next 10 years were determined through the environmental scanning approach. The participatory approach was then applied to get stakeholders involved to enrich scenario thinking. The participants were invited from many social networks involved in city development in Bangkok. The scenario development was framed according to livability and city infrastructure development. As mobility is always the key issue for big cities, future development for mobility can be addressed in terms of different aspects such as filling stations, clean fuel, public transportation, shared mobility platforms, or last-mile traveling. A roadmap to guide future development of shared mobility was developed based on the analysis of the particular company in the case study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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16 pages, 248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Influential Factors of Satisfaction for Residents in Unit Communities—Taking Ningbo City as an Example

by **ng Lian, Danna Li, Weifeng Di, Mohamed Oubibi, Xueyan Zhang, Sijia Zhang, Chengyu Xu and Hejie Lu

Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6687; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116687 - 30 May 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2242

Abstract

Community governance is the foundation of social governance and a guarantee for modernizing the national governance system and capacity. Residents’ satisfaction with community governance is an important factor in measuring community governance level. Based on similar related literature and practical research analysis, 18 [...] Read more.

Community governance is the foundation of social governance and a guarantee for modernizing the national governance system and capacity. Residents’ satisfaction with community governance is an important factor in measuring community governance level. Based on similar related literature and practical research analysis, 18 influencing factors of community governance residents’ satisfaction were extracted from four dimensions. Through the principal component analysis of social science statistical software, 16 key influencing factors were finally selected, and six regression models were analyzed and compared. Further, they clarified the influence of various dimensions on residents’ satisfaction with community governance. Further analysis and research on the model show that community governance service, community education and community interpersonal communication are significantly positively correlated with residents’ satisfaction with community governance. Although participation in community governance as a single influencing factor has no significant effect in this study, it can also positively and significantly affect residents’ satisfaction with community governance under the joint action of community education and community interpersonal communication. Therefore, from the aspects of improving the service level of community governance, enhancing the participation of community governance in multiple ways, giving full attention to the role of community education and sha** the new model of community communication, a more realistic evaluation system of community governance residents’ satisfaction is designed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

24 pages, 3297 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

CO₂ Emission Reduction Potential of Road Transport to Achieve Carbon Neutrality in China

by Jieshuang Dong, Yiming Li, Wenxiang Li and Songze Liu

Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5454; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095454 - 1 May 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2885

Abstract

Under the targets of peaking CO₂ emissions and carbon neutrality in China, it is a matter of urgency to reduce the CO₂ emissions of road transport. To explore the CO₂ emission reduction potential of road transport, this study proposes eight [...] Read more.

Under the targets of peaking CO₂ emissions and carbon neutrality in China, it is a matter of urgency to reduce the CO₂ emissions of road transport. To explore the CO₂ emission reduction potential of road transport, this study proposes eight policy scenarios: the business-as-usual (BAU), clean electricity (CE), fuel economy improvement (FEI), shared autonomous vehicles (SAV), CO₂ emission trading (CET) (with low, medium, and high carbon prices), and comprehensive (CS) scenarios. The road transport CO₂ emissions from 2020 to 2060 in these scenarios are calculated based on the bottom-up method and are evaluated in the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP). The Log-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method is employed to analyze the contribution of each factor to road transport CO₂ emission reduction in each scenario. The results show that CO₂ emissions of road transport will peak at 1419.5 million tonnes in 2033 under the BAU scenario. In contrast, the peaks of road transport CO₂ emissions in the CE, SAV, FEI, CET-LCP, CET-MCP, CET-HCP, and CS scenarios are decreasing and occur progressively earlier. Under the CS scenario with the greatest CO₂ emission reduction potential, CO₂ emissions of road transport will peak at 1200.37 million tonnes in 2023 and decrease to 217.73 million tonnes by 2060. Fuel structure and fuel economy contribute most to the emission reduction in all scenarios. This study provides possible pathways toward low-carbon road transport for the goal of carbon neutrality in China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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24 pages, 5018 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonlinear Rail Accessibility and Road Spatial Pattern Effects on House Prices

by Kaida Chen, Hanliang Lin, Lingyun Liao, Yichen Lu, Yen-Jong Chen, Zehua Lin, Linxi Teng, Aifang Weng and Tianqi Fu

Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4700; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084700 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1784

Abstract

The continuous change process in the impact of differences in public transport accessibility has not been explained specifically in previous studies. This study reveals that the interaction between two continuous explanatory variables has a significant impact on the explained variable in the hedonic [...] Read more.

The continuous change process in the impact of differences in public transport accessibility has not been explained specifically in previous studies. This study reveals that the interaction between two continuous explanatory variables has a significant impact on the explained variable in the hedonic model. The study takes the accessibility variable in the house price model as an instance, dividing the accessibility variable of the residential community into two parts. The first part is the rail accessibility defined by the Euclidean distance from the residential community to the nearest rail transportation station. The second part is the road accessibility defined by two Space Syntax indicators, connectivity and carrying capacity, according to the spatial pattern of the road network. As demonstrated by the spatial interactive regression model, this research finds that road connectivity has a significant regulating effect on the impact of the distance to the closest rail station on house prices based on the empirical evidence from Fuzhou, China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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15 pages, 625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship of Residential Location Choice with Commute Travels and Socioeconomics in the Small Towns of South Asia: The Case of Hafizabad, Pakistan

by Houshmand Masoumi, Atif Bilal Aslam, Irfan Ahmad Rana, Muhammad Ahmad and Nida Naeem

Sustainability 2022, 14(6), 3163; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063163 - 8 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2475

Abstract

The existing literature of emerging markets fails to provide evidence to clarify if people choose their residential location based on commuting to work or other socioeconomic or household factors. The present paper seeks to provide such evidence in South Asia using the case [...] Read more.

The existing literature of emerging markets fails to provide evidence to clarify if people choose their residential location based on commuting to work or other socioeconomic or household factors. The present paper seeks to provide such evidence in South Asia using the case study of a small city in Pakistan. This exploratory study was facilitated by primary data collected from 365 adults in Hafizabad, Pakistan, using face-to-face interviews in 2018. Two research questions were answered: (1) with what socioeconomic or mobility-related variables are the residential self-selections correlated? (2) how strong is the possible association of commuting to work to residential location choices compared to other factors, including social, economic, and family-related issues? The results of Chi-square tests and Proportional Reduction in Error analyses show that the three variables of neighborhood place, gender, and housing tenure type are associated with residential location choices. These findings are partly in line with studies on high-income countries, but gender and housing tenure are more specific to develo** countries. Moreover, results of a Binary Logistic model show that marital status and house ownership of other household members define whether people choose their living place based on commuting rather than other socioeconomic and household issues. The finding of the latter variable contrasts with behaviors in high-income countries, whereas the former variable has some similarities. These findings highlight some contextual differences between house location selection in South Asia and other regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable City Planning and Development: Transport and Land Use)

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