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Symmetry
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Feature Papers in Section "Engineering and Materials" 2024
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Feature Papers in Section "Engineering and Materials" 2024

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2369

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vasilis K. Oikonomou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: cosmology; inflationary cosmology; modified theories of gravity; physics of the early universe; dark energy; dark matter; supersymmetry; mathematical physics; high energy physics; theoretical physics; epistemic game theory; game theory
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the multidisciplinary Section “Engineering and Materials" of the Symmetry journal, we welcome original research articles with top-level mathematical modeling or experimental outcomes and a strong substantiation of conclusions and results, as well as relevant analytical reviews on all aspects of symmetry or asymmetry in engineering, materials, energy sciences, and other interdisciplinary areas.

We aim to provide a virtual forum and database for experts, publishing papers with engineering significance that are dedicated to the most up-to-date issues and mainstream topics. The Section will fill the gap of mathematical modeling in these areas in the scientific literature, emphasizing articles related to cutting-edge technologies and contemporary technology applications. Articles are expected to have original content and demonstrate clear scientific novelty.

Other areas of interest associated with engineering and materials science require a multidisciplinary approach.

Dr. Vasilis K. Oikonomou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at mdpi.longhoe.net by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • materials engineering
  • nanotechnology
  • power systems and thermal engineering
  • mechanical engineering, mechatronics, and robotics
  • automation and control engineering
  • electronic engineering
  • communication engineering
  • chemical and molecular engineering
  • optical engineering and technology
  • fiber optics technology
  • mathematical and formal aspects of superconductivity
  • mechanochemical aspects of aqueous solutions
  • green chemistry fabrication of materials

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 861 KiB  
Article
Crystallographic Quaternions
by Andrzej Katrusiak and Stiv Llenga
Symmetry 2024, 16(7), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070818 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 151
Abstract
Abstract: Symmetry transformations in crystallography are traditionally represented as equations and matrices, which can be suitable both for orthonormal and crystal reference systems. Quaternion representations, easily constructed for any orientations of symmetry operations, owing to the vector structure based on the direction of [...] Read more.
Abstract: Symmetry transformations in crystallography are traditionally represented as equations and matrices, which can be suitable both for orthonormal and crystal reference systems. Quaternion representations, easily constructed for any orientations of symmetry operations, owing to the vector structure based on the direction of the rotation axes or of the normal vectors to the mirror plane, are known to be advantageous for optimizing numerical computing. However, quaternions are described in Cartesian coordinates only. Here, we present the quaternion representations of crystallographic point-group symmetry operations for the crystallographic reference coordinates in triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic and trigonal (in rhombohedral setting) systems. For these systems, all symmetry operations have been listed and their applications exemplified. Owing to their concise form, quaternions can be used as the symbols of symmetry operations, which contain information about both the orientation and the rotation angle. The shortcomings of quaternions, including different actions for rotations and improper symmetry operations, as well as inadequate representation of the point symmetry in the hexagonal setting, have been discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Section "Engineering and Materials" 2024)
14 pages, 3232 KiB  
Article
A Fault Diagnosis Method for Analog Circuits Based on Improved TQWT and Inception Model
by **njia Yuan, Siting Yang, Wenmin Wang, Yunlong Sheng, Xuye Zhuang and Jiancheng Yin
Symmetry 2024, 16(6), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060720 - 10 Jun 2024
Viewed by 360
Abstract
A soft fault in an analog circuit is a symptom where the parameter range of a component exists symmetrically to the left and right of its nominal value and exceeds a specific range. The proposed method uses the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) optimized [...] Read more.
A soft fault in an analog circuit is a symptom where the parameter range of a component exists symmetrically to the left and right of its nominal value and exceeds a specific range. The proposed method uses the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) optimized tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) algorithm for feature refinement, the Inception model for feature extraction, and an SVM for fault diagnosis. First, the Q-factor is optimized to make it more compatible with the signal. Second, the signal is decomposed, and a single-branch reconstruction is performed using the TQWT to extract features adequately. Then, fault feature extraction is conducted using the Inception model to obtain multiscale features. Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to complete the entire fault diagnosis process. The proposed method is comprehensively evaluated using the Sallen–Key bandpass filter circuit and the four-op-amp biquad high-pass filter circuit widely used in electronic systems. The experimental results prove that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of diagnosis accuracy and reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Section "Engineering and Materials" 2024)
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29 pages, 1760 KiB  
Article
Statistical Mechanics Approaches for Studying Temperature and Rate Effects in Multistable Systems
by Andrea Cannizzo and Stefano Giordano
Symmetry 2024, 16(5), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050632 - 20 May 2024
Viewed by 843
Abstract
Systems with a multistable energy landscape are widespread in physics, biophysics, technology, and materials science. They are strongly influenced by thermal fluctuations and external mechanical actions that can be applied at different rates, moving the system from equilibrium to non-equilibrium regimes. In this [...] Read more.
Systems with a multistable energy landscape are widespread in physics, biophysics, technology, and materials science. They are strongly influenced by thermal fluctuations and external mechanical actions that can be applied at different rates, moving the system from equilibrium to non-equilibrium regimes. In this paper, we focus on a simple system involving a single breaking phenomenon to describe the various theoretical approaches used to study these problems. To begin with, we propose the exact solution at thermodynamic equilibrium based on the calculation of the partition function without approximations. We then introduce the technique of spin variables, which is able to simplify the treatment even for systems with a large number of coordinates. We then analyze the energy balance of the system to better understand its underlying physics. Finally, we introduce a technique based on transition state theory useful for studying the non-equilibrium dynamical regimes of these systems. This method is appropriate for the evaluation of rate effects and hysteresis loops. These approaches are developed for both the Helmholtz ensemble (prescribed extension) and the Gibbs ensemble (applied force) of statistical mechanics. The symmetry and duality of these two ensembles is discussed in depth. While these techniques are used here for a simple system with theoretical purposes, they can be applied to complex systems of interest for several physical, biophysical, and technological applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Section "Engineering and Materials" 2024)
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0 pages, 4185 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning-Based Research for Predicting Shale Gas Well Production
by Nijun Qi, **zhe Li, Zhenkan Wu, Yu** Wan, Nan Wang, Guifu Duan, Longyi Wang, **g **ang, Yaqi Zhao and Hongming Zhan
Symmetry 2024, 16(5), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050600 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 735
Abstract
The estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of a single well must be predicted to achieve scale-effective shale gas extraction. Accurately forecasting EUR is difficult due to the impact of various geological, engineering, and production factors. Based on data from 200 wells in the Weiyuan [...] Read more.
The estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of a single well must be predicted to achieve scale-effective shale gas extraction. Accurately forecasting EUR is difficult due to the impact of various geological, engineering, and production factors. Based on data from 200 wells in the Weiyuan block, this paper used Pearson correlation and mutual information to eliminate the factors with a high correlation among the 31 EUR influencing factors. The RF-RFE algorithm was then used to identify the six most important factors controlling the EUR of shale gas wells. XGBoost, RF, SVM, and MLR models were built and trained with the six dominating factors screened as features and EUR as labels. In this process, the model parameters were optimized, and finally the prediction accuracies of the models were compared. The results showed that the thickness of a high-quality reservoir was the dominating factor in geology; the high-quality reservoir length drilled, the fracturing fluid volume, the proppant volume, and the fluid volume per length were the dominating factors in engineering; and the 360−day flowback rate was the dominating factor in production. Compared to the SVM and MLR models, the XG Boost and the RF models based on integration better predicted EUR. The XGBoost model had a correlation coefficient of 0.9 between predicted and observed values, and its standard deviation was closest to the observed values’ standard deviation, making it the best model for EUR prediction among the four types of models. Identifying the dominating factors of shale gas single-well EUR can provide significant guidance for development practice, and using the optimized XGBoost model to forecast the shale gas single-well EUR provides a novel idea for predicting shale gas well production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Section "Engineering and Materials" 2024)
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