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TropicalMed
Special Issues
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 6455

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daria Danilenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: influenza; SARS-CoV-2; acute respiratory virus infections; evolution; antigenic properties; vaccine effectiveness; surveillance
Dr. Anna Shtro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: antivirals; chemotherapy; influenza; RSV; coronavirus; respiratory infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory syncytial virus is one of the major causes of acute respiratory viral infection in infants, toddlers and the elderly, being a highly infectious virus and causing a majority of children to contract at least one acute RSV infection by the age of 3. Despite its high burden requiring assessing, especially in low- and low–middle-income countries, RSV surveillance is not wide established. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic had a high impact on the seasonality of RSV circulation worldwide, and its current trends along with other respiratory viruses, such as influenza, are to be monitored and described.

The existence of RSV has been known for decades; however, there are still no vaccines approved against it, and the spectrum of antiviral drugs and medications is very limited. The progress accomplished in recent years towards the extensive genetic sequencing of RSV, the development of vaccine candidates against the infection for different age groups as well as studies of potent RSV inhibitors, including novel monoclonal antibodies, have shown promise towards the control of RSV infection, especially in the risk groups.

In this Special Issue, we invite authors to share their latest research on RSV surveillance, epidemiology, genetic divergence, vaccine prevention and therapy. Moreover, this Special Issue is open to submissions for general papers describing RSV as one of the many pathogens causing acute respiratory virus infections.

Dr. Daria Danilenko
Dr. Anna Shtro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at mdpi.longhoe.net by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • surveillance
  • viral pathogenesis
  • vaccines
  • antivirals
  • animal studies
  • burden of disease
  • acute respiratory virus infections
  • monoclonal antibodies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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14 pages, 1809 KiB  
Article
Characterization of a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the F-Protein of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) for the Ty** of Contemporary Circulating Strains
by Vera Krivitskaya, Ekaterina Petrova, Evgeniy Sorokin, Tatyana Tsareva, Maria Sverlova, Kseniia Komissarova, Anna Sominina and Daria Danilenko
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9010001 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1880
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be used for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and research of RSV pathogenesis. A panel of 16 anti-RSV mAbs was [...] Read more.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be used for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and research of RSV pathogenesis. A panel of 16 anti-RSV mAbs was obtained from mice immunized by RSV strain Long. Half of them had virus-neutralizing activity. According to Western blot all of these mAbs effectively bound native oligomeric (homodimeric and homotrimeric) forms of the RSV fusion (F) protein. Only five of the mAbs interacted with the monomeric form, and only one of these possessed neutralizing activity. None of these mAbs, nor the commercial humanized neutralizing mAb palivizumab, reacted with the denaturated F protein. Thus, interaction of all these mAbs with F protein had clear conformational dependence. Competitive ELISA and neutralization assays allowed the identification of nine antigenic target sites for the interaction of mAb with the F protein. Five partially overlap** sites may represent a complex spatial structure of one antigenic determinant, including one neutralizing and four non-neutralizing epitopes. Four sites (three neutralizing and one non-neutralizing) were found to be distinct. As a result of virus cultivation RSV–A, strain Long, in the presence of a large amount of one of the neutralizing mAbs, an escape mutant with a substitution, N240S, in the F protein, was obtained. Thus, it was shown for the first time that position 240 is critical for the protective effect of an anti-RSV antibody. To assess the ability of these mAbs to interact with modern RSV strains circulating in St. Petersburg (Russia) between 2014 and 2022, 73 RSV-A and 22 RSV-B isolates were analyzed. Six mAbs were directed to conserved epitopes of the F protein as they interacted most efficiently with both RSV subtypes in a fixed cell-ELISA and could be used for diagnostic assays detecting RSV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection)
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10 pages, 710 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Detection of Influenza A/B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs by One-Tube Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
by Bader S. Alotaibi, Bilal Ahmad Tantry, Altaf Bandy, Reyaz Ahmad, Syed Quibtiya Khursheed, Arshid Ahmad, Mohammed Ageeli Hakami and Naveed Nazir Shah
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(6), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8060326 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2533
Abstract
The treatment and outcome of respiratory virus infections differ. SARS-CoV-2, as well as other respiratory viruses such as influenza virus (A and B) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), require simultaneous, cost-effective, and rapid differential detection. We used a gold standard five-target single-step RT-PCR [...] Read more.
The treatment and outcome of respiratory virus infections differ. SARS-CoV-2, as well as other respiratory viruses such as influenza virus (A and B) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), require simultaneous, cost-effective, and rapid differential detection. We used a gold standard five-target single-step RT-PCR to detect influenza viruses, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, and this method can be extended to detect influenza virus subtypes. As a result, this five-target single-step RT-PCR method is ideal for differentiating respiratory viruses. The 5’ nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase is used in the real-time reverse transcription PCR assay. The Taq man fast viral 1-step enzyme is a 4× Master mix and five-target primer probe mix that detects influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab, respiratory syncytial viruses A/B and actin. When compared with TaqMan TM and Invitrogen superscript TM III Platinum and the Meril Kit for SARS-CoV-2, the assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity, specificity, and amplification efficiency of 90.1% for target genes. In conclusion, our one-tube multiplex RT-PCR assay offers a rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous detection of influenza A/B, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. This assay has the potential to enhance diagnostic capabilities and improve public health responses during respiratory outbreaks, enabling timely interventions and informed decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection)
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9 pages, 2142 KiB  
Brief Report
Knockdown of the Autophagy Protein Beclin-1 Does Not Affect Innate Cytokine Production in Human Lung Epithelial Cells during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
by Kavesha Parameswaran, Amiera Fatin Azman, Suet Lin Chia, Khatijah Yusoff and Saila Ismail
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(9), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8090434 - 4 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1309
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in young children, globally. Autophagy is a cellular degradation process that mediates cell survival. Studies using mouse models have demonstrated that inhibiting autophagy affects the production of cytokines triggered by RSV. [...] Read more.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in young children, globally. Autophagy is a cellular degradation process that mediates cell survival. Studies using mouse models have demonstrated that inhibiting autophagy affects the production of cytokines triggered by RSV. However, the effect of autophagy on RSV-induced cytokine production in human cells remains inadequately studied. Our previous research showed that inhibiting autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors did not affect the innate cytokine production in human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) following RSV infection. In this study, we sought to validate these findings using a more specific approach, employing short-interfering RNA (siRNA) to target the important autophagy protein Beclin-1 (Bec-1). Prior to measuring cytokine production, we confirmed that silencing Bec-1 with siRNA effectively suppressed autophagy without affecting cell viability. Our results revealed that inhibiting autophagy through Bec-1 knockdown did not affect the production of innate cytokines CXCL8 and CCL5 in BEAS-2B cells during RSV infection, consistent with our previous findings using pharmacological inhibitors. Overall, our data suggest that targeting autophagy may not be an effective strategy for alleviating RSV-induced airway inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection)
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