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Buildings
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Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure
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Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3531

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wentong Wang

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Transportation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
Interests: green energy conversion pavement technology; solid recycling materials used in asphalt pavement; sustainability of road infrastructures; technical testing to address performance properties; composition of asphalt mixtures considering various additives and re-using reclaimed asphalt
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dongdong Yuan

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Guest Editor
School of Highway, Chang’an University, **’an 710064, China
Interests: sustainable pavement materials; smart sensing technologies for road infrastructure; low-carbon construction materials; innovations in road surface materials; energy-efficient road design; life-cycle analysis of road materials; environmental impact assessments; intelligent road materials; advanced road materials; environmentally friendly road materials; solid waste road materials; road recycling materials; green polymer modified materials; functional pavement materials
Dr. Augusto Cannone Falchetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Interests: alternative paving materials; microstructure and numerical modeling in pavement; mechanical property analysis and measurements; advanced materials and structures; failure analysis; fracture mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fucheng Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Interests: performance characterization of rubber asphalt using molecular dynamics simulation; tire-pavement contact and its friction mechanism; adhesion and debonding behaviors between asphalt binder and aggregate; sustainable materials used in asphalt pavement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, achieving carbon neutrality is a common goal worldwide. Transportation infrastructure is characterized by high resource demand and energy consumption. Road infrastructure requires a large amount of non-renewable resources during the construction phase, and asphalt and cement pavements, as the most important components of road transportation infrastructure, generate high levels of carbon emissions during their construction and maintenance phases. Therefore, reducing the dependence of road infrastructure on non-renewable resources, upgrading the level of construction and maintenance, increasing the level of recycling of infrastructure materials, and develo** low-carbon materials or related technologies are very important for the sustainable development of transportation and the goal of carbon neutrality. Based on the principle of conserving non-renewable resources and energy, some attempts have been made to construct low-carbon emission transportation infrastructure, such as using typical solid waste to replace natural resources in concrete, develo** warm-mix asphalt and cold-mix asphalt technologies for asphalt pavements, and improving the recycling efficiency of infrastructure by optimizing processes and equipment. To help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in transportation infrastructure, this topic aims to attract articles on new materials or innovative technologies for carbon neutral transportation infrastructure. We welcome original research or review articles with a clear application focus in these areas.

Dr. Wentong Wang
Dr. Dongdong Yuan
Dr. Augusto Cannone Falchetto
Dr. Fucheng Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at mdpi.longhoe.net by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon-neutralized cement or asphalt-based materials
  • material technologies to improve the utilization of infrastructure waste resources
  • alternative materials for carbon neutral infrastructure
  • recycled materials in infrastructure
  • cold mix asphalt materials
  • green and sustainable infrastructure materials
  • energy harvesting and green conversion technologies for road infrastructure
  • smart infrastructure materials and structures

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 14216 KiB  
Article
Gypsum-Enhanced Red Mud Composites: A Study on Strength, Durability, and Leaching Characteristics
by Shiying Yan, Yu Cheng, Wentong Wang, Lu ** and Ziyi Ding
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 1979; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071979 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 251
Abstract
The strong alkalinity of red mud and the heavy metals it contains pose a serious threat to the environment. This study investigated the possibility of applying red mud as a solid waste material in road construction to mitigate the problem of red mud [...] Read more.
The strong alkalinity of red mud and the heavy metals it contains pose a serious threat to the environment. This study investigated the possibility of applying red mud as a solid waste material in road construction to mitigate the problem of red mud accumulation. Red mud was modified using titanium gypsum and phosphogypsum as curing agents. The effects of varying gypsum types and mixing ratios on the mechanical properties and heavy metal leaching of the resulting red mud-based materials were assessed using percussion tests, unconfined compressive strength measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and continuous heavy metal leaching tests. The results showed that the optimal moisture content for titanium gypsum–cement-stabilized red mud (RTC) exceeds that of phosphogypsum–cement-stabilized red mud (RPC), with RTC exhibiting a lower maximum dry density compared to RPC. When the gypsum admixture was within 10%, the strength of the RPC was higher than that of the RTC at the same and curing time. The reticulation in RPC-10 was denser. The cumulative heavy metal releases from both RTC and RPC were within the permissible limits for Class III groundwater discharge standards. Based on the comprehensive test results, RPC is identified as the superior modified red mud material, with an optimal mix ratio of red mud/phosphogypsum/cement of 87:5:8. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure)
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17 pages, 4965 KiB  
Article
Investigation into the Characteristics of Expansion and Compression Deformation of Interbedded Weak Expansive Rocks in Water Immersion
by Yaning Wang, Yuchen Li, Haoyu Qin, Yangui Zhu, Yibo Yao, ** **, Tao Zheng, Qingting Qian and De Chen
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 1901; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071901 - 21 Jun 2024
Viewed by 285
Abstract
In order to investigate the deformation characteristics of interbedded weak expansive rocks in water immersion, the sandstone–mudstone interbedded structures were taken as the object of this study. A total of 27 sets of indoor immersion tests were designed with three influencing factors, namely, [...] Read more.
In order to investigate the deformation characteristics of interbedded weak expansive rocks in water immersion, the sandstone–mudstone interbedded structures were taken as the object of this study. A total of 27 sets of indoor immersion tests were designed with three influencing factors, namely, the layer thickness ratios of sandstone and mudstone (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), the occurrence of the rock layers (flat, oblique, and vertical), and the overburden loadings (0 kPa, 12.5 kPa, and 25 kPa). Tests were conducted to obtain the deformation time series data of the samples during the immersion loading process. Based on this, the influence pattern of each influencing factor on the sample deformation was analyzed individually. The results show that with the increase in overburden loading and rock inclination angle, the sample develops from expansion deformation to compression deformation. Changes in the layer thickness ratio will not change the deformation trend of the sample, and the decrease in the relative mudstone content will only reduce the absolute value of the sample’s expansion and compression deformation. The deformation stability rate of the sample under load is 5~7 times that under no load. The increase in layer thickness ratio and rock inclination angle will lead to different degrees of attenuation of sample expansion force in the range of 8.91~38.68% and 51.00~58.83%, respectively. The research results of this paper can provide a meaningful reference for the design and maintenance of a high-speed railway subgrade in a weak expansive rock area with an interbedded structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure)
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14 pages, 4053 KiB  
Article
Interface Interaction of Waste Rubber–Asphalt System
by **fei Su, Peilong Li, Guangxin Zhu, **aoxu Wang and Shihao Dong
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1868; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061868 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 312
Abstract
Asphalt pavement construction is a large-volume project, with the ability to recycle the industrial waste and reduce carbon emissions. Rubber-modified asphalt is a carbon-neutralized asphalt-based material, facilitating the recycling of waste rubber materials and improving the road performance of the asphalt mixture. To [...] Read more.
Asphalt pavement construction is a large-volume project, with the ability to recycle the industrial waste and reduce carbon emissions. Rubber-modified asphalt is a carbon-neutralized asphalt-based material, facilitating the recycling of waste rubber materials and improving the road performance of the asphalt mixture. To evaluate the interface interaction of the rubber–asphalt system and its effect on the viscosity characteristics of rubber-modified asphalt, the contact properties of rubber particles in asphalt were analyzed on a microscopic level. Rubber swelling tests and solvent elution tests were conducted on the rubber–asphalt system under different preparation conditions. The swelling ratio, degradation ratio, and swelling–degradation ratio were proposed to evaluate the interface interaction. The results show that the interface interaction of the rubber–asphalt system can be divided into the following three stages: swelling, effective degradation, and over-degradation. The degree of swelling is mainly affected by the content and size of the rubber particles and it is physically condensed, while the degradation is mainly affected by the preparation temperature and preparation time. The effective interface interaction greatly affects the viscosity with the building of the stable three-dimensional network structure. The stronger the interface interaction, the greater the viscosity of the rubber-modified asphalt, except for the 25% content of rubber particles. The gel film will be generated on the surface of the rubber particles throughout the swelling and effective degradation, increasing the viscosity of the rubber-modified asphalt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure)
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17 pages, 4158 KiB  
Article
Implementing All-Weather Photocatalysis of Exhaust Fumes Based on the g-C3N4/TiO2/SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ Ternary Composite Coating
by Bochao Zhou, Hailong Li, Ao Cui, Di Wang, Fucheng Guo and Chao Wang
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1743; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061743 - 10 Jun 2024
Viewed by 411
Abstract
This study examines the use of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ long-afterglow materials doped into g-C3N4/TiO2 coatings for photodegradation. The prepared sample was tested for the purification of automotive exhaust fumes, with the [...] Read more.
This study examines the use of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ long-afterglow materials doped into g-C3N4/TiO2 coatings for photodegradation. The prepared sample was tested for the purification of automotive exhaust fumes, with the optimal mass ratio of g-C3N4/TiO2 and SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ determined to be 1:1. Characterization tests, including XRD, FT-IR, XPS, and TG-DSC, were conducted to evaluate the microstructure and properties of the samples. Under poor lighting conditions, g-C3N4/TiO2 reduced CH and NOx by 59 ppm and 13 ppm within 4 h, respectively, while g-C3N4/TiO2/SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ decreased CH and NOx by 98ppm and 34ppm, respectively, resulting in a significant improvement in degradation efficiency. The addition of long-afterglow materials significantly improves the efficiency of photocatalysts in purifying exhaust fumes in low-light environments, providing potential value for all-weather exhaust treatment in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure)
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17 pages, 5731 KiB  
Article
Research on Laboratory Testing Method of Fatigue Performance of Semi-Rigid Base Considering Spatial Stress State
by Longfei Wang, Zhizhong Zhao, Hao Liang, Yilong He, **anzhang Kang and Meng Xu
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020365 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 597
Abstract
In order to accurately assess the fatigue performance of semi-rigid base layers, this paper proposes a novel fatigue testing method for semi-rigid base layers that takes into account the spatial stress state. Based on this method, the fatigue performance of three types of [...] Read more.
In order to accurately assess the fatigue performance of semi-rigid base layers, this paper proposes a novel fatigue testing method for semi-rigid base layers that takes into account the spatial stress state. Based on this method, the fatigue performance of three types of reinforced semi-rigid base-layer materials (steel wire mesh, plastic geogrid, and fiberglass) was tested and compared with unreinforced materials. The fatigue strain evolution patterns of these materials were analyzed, and a fatigue strain characteristic value at the limit state was proposed as an evaluation index for the fatigue failure of base layer materials. The results showed that in terms of fatigue performance, plastic geogrid > steel wire mesh > fiberglass > unreinforced specimens. The development of tensile strain can be approximately classified into a three-stage growth pattern, consisting of “curve + straight line + curve”. For the unreinforced specimens, the three stages of bending strain accounted for 10%, 70%, and 20% of the total fatigue life, respectively. The fatigue failure stages of the three types of reinforced materials had similar proportional ranges, representing 5%, 75%, and 20% of the total fatigue life, respectively. The fatigue strain characteristic values for plastic geogrid, steel wire mesh, fiberglass, and unreinforced specimens were 371 με, 280 με, 280 με, and 195 με, respectively. In summary, the use of reinforced materials within semi-rigid base layers enhances their fatigue performance, providing new insights and methods for extending the service life of road surfaces and offering scientific guidance for the practical application of reinforced materials in semi-rigid base layer road surfaces’ fatigue performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure)
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20 pages, 4926 KiB  
Article
An Explainable Evaluation Model for Building Thermal Comfort in China
by Haiyang Liu and Enlin Ma
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 3107; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123107 - 14 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 883
Abstract
The concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases is being amplified by human activity. Building energy consumption, particularly for heating and cooling purposes, constitutes a significant proportion of overall energy demand. This research aims to establish a smart evaluation model to understand the thermal requirements [...] Read more.
The concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases is being amplified by human activity. Building energy consumption, particularly for heating and cooling purposes, constitutes a significant proportion of overall energy demand. This research aims to establish a smart evaluation model to understand the thermal requirements of building occupants based on an open-access dataset. This model is beneficial for making reasonable adjustments to building thermal management, based on factors such as different regions and building user characteristics. Employing Bayesian-optimized LightGBM and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) methods, an explainable machine learning model was developed to evaluate the thermal comfort design of buildings in different areas and with different purpose. Our developed LightGBM model exhibited superior evaluation performance on the test set, outperforming other machine learning models, such as XGBoost and SVR (Support Vector Regression). The SHAP method further helps us to understand the interior evaluation mechanism of the model and the interactive effect among input features. An accurate thermal comfort design for buildings based on the evaluation model can benefit the carbon-neutral strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Neutral Infrastructure)
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